Stannide

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A stannide can refer to an intermetallic compound containing tin combined with one or more other metals; an anion consisting solely of tin atoms or a compound containing such an anion, or, in the field of organometallic chemistry an ionic compound containing an organotin anion (e.g.see [1] an alternative name for such a compound is stannanide.)

Contents

Binary alkali and alkaline earth stannides

When tin is combined with an alkali or alkaline earth metal some of the compounds formed have ionic structures containing monatomic or polyatomic tin anions (Zintl ions), such as Sn4− in Mg2Sn [2] or Sn4−
9
in K4Sn9. [3] Even with these metals not all of the compounds formed can be considered to be ionic with localised bonding, for example Sr3Sn5, a metallic compound, contains {Sn5} square pyramidal units. [4]

Ternary alkali and alkaline earth stannides

Ternary (where there is an alkali or alkaline earth metal, a transition metal as well as tin e.g. LiRh3Sn5 [5] and MgRuSn4 [6] ) have been investigated.

Other metal stannides

Binary (involving one other metal) and ternary (involving two other metals) intermetallic stannides have been investigated. Niobium stannide, Nb3Sn is perhaps the best known superconducting tin intermetallics. This is more commonly called "niobium-tin".

Stannide ions, Sny
x

Some examples of stannide Zintl ions are listed below. Some of them contain 2-centre 2-electron bonds (2c-2e), others are "electron deficient" and bonding sometimes can be described using polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (Wade's rules) where the number of valence electrons contributed by each tin atom is considered to be 2 (the s electrons do not contribute). [7] There are some examples of silicide and plumbide ions with similar structures, for example tetrahedral Si4−
4
, the chain anion (Si2−)n, Pb4−
4
and Pb4−
9
. [2] [8]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boranes</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carborane</span> Class of chemical compounds

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cryptand</span> Cyclic, multidentate ligands adept at encapsulating cations

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plumbide</span> Compound containing a plumbide anion

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">E. D. Jemmis</span> Indian theoretical chemist

Eluvathingal Devassy Jemmis is a professor of theoretical chemistry at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He was the founding director of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM). His primary area of research is applied theoretical chemistry with emphasis on structure, bonding and reactivity, across the periodic table of the elements. Apart from many of his contributions to applied theoretical chemistry, an equivalent of the structural chemistry of carbon, as exemplified by the Huckel 4n+2 Rule, benzenoid aromatics and graphite, and tetrahedral carbon and diamond, is brought in the structural chemistry of boron by the Jemmis mno rules which relates polyhedral and macropolyhedral boranes to allotropes of boron and boron-rich solids. He has been awarded Padma Shri in Science and Engineering category by the Government of India.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butterfly cluster compound</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metal cluster compound</span> Cluster of three or more metals

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A silicide hydride is a mixed anion compound that contains silicide (Si4− or clusters) and hydride (H) anions. The hydrogen is not bound to silicon in these compounds. These can be classed as interstitial hydrides, Hydrogenated zintl phases, or Zintl phase hydrides. In the related silanides, SiH3 anions or groups occur. Where hydrogen is bonded to the silicon, this is a case of anionic hydride, and where it is bonded to a more complex anion, it would be termed polyanionic hydride.

Arsenidosilicates are chemical compounds that contain anions with arsenic bonded to silicon. They are in the category of tetrelarsenides, pnictidosilicates, or tetrelpnictides. They can be classed as Zintl phases or intermetallics. They are analogous to the nitridosilicates, phosphidosilicates, arsenidogermanates, and arsenidostannates. They are distinct from arsenate silicates which have oxygen connected with arsenic and silicon, or arsenatosilicates with arsenate groups sharing oxygen with silicate.

Arsenidostanates are chemical compounds that contain anions with arsenic bonded to tin. They are in the category of tetrelarsenides, pnictidostancates, or tetrelpnictides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metallaborane</span>

In chemistry, a metallaborane is a compound that contains one or more metal atoms and one or more boron hydride. These compounds are related conceptually and often synthetically to the boron-hydride clusters by replacement of BHn units with metal-containing fragments. Often these metal fragments are derived from metal carbonyls or cyclopentadienyl complexes. Their structures can often be rationalized by polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory. The inventory of these compounds is large, and their structures can be quite complex.

Thallides are compounds containing anions composed of thallium. There are several thallium atoms in a cluster, and it does not occur as a single Tl in thallides. They are a subclass of trielides, which also includes gallides and indides. A more general classification is polar intermetallics, as clusters contain delocalized multicentre bonds. Thallides were discovered by Eduard Zintl in 1932.

References

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