Antimonide

Antimonide anion

Names
IUPAC name Antimonide
Other names Stibinide
Properties
Chemical formula	Sb3−
Molar mass	121.760 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid	Stibanide
Related compounds
Other anions	Nitride Phosphide Arsenide Bismuthide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Antimonides (sometimes called stibnides or stibinides) are compounds of antimony with more electropositive elements. The antimonide ion is Sb³⁻ but the term refers also to any anionic derivative of antimony. ^[1]

Antimonides are often prepared by heating the elements. ^[2] Alternatively, sodium electride in ammonia dissolves antimony to give an antimonide upon evaporation. ^[3]

The reduction of antimony leads to alkali metal antimonides of various types, depending on stoichiometry. ^[4] Known antimonides include isolated Sb³⁻ ions (in Li₃Sb and Na₃Sb). Other motifs include dumbbells Sb4−2 in Cs₄Sb₂, discrete antimony chains, for example, Sb8−6 in SrSb₃, infinite spirals (Sb⁻)_n (in NaSb, RbSb), planar four-membered rings Sb2−4, Sb3−7 cages in Li₃Sb₇, ^[5] and net shaped anions Sb2−3 in BaSb₃.

Some antimonides are semiconductors, e.g. those of the boron group such as indium antimonide. Being reducing, many antimonides are decomposed by oxygen.

See also

• Antimonide mineral

References

1. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 554. ISBN   978-0-08-037941-8.
2. E. Dönges (1963). "Phosphides, Arsenides, Antimonides and Bismuthides". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=985. NY,NY: Academic Press.
3. Ellis, John E. (2006-04-17). "Adventures with Substances Containing Metals in Negative Oxidation States" . Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (8): 3167–3186. doi:10.1021/ic052110i. ISSN   0020-1669.
4. King, R. Bruce (2005). Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition (2nd ed.). Wiley. p. 211. ISBN   9780470860786.
5. Beswick, Michael A.; Choi, Nick; Harmer, Christopher N.; Hopkins, Alexander D.; McPartlin, Mary; Wright, Dominic S. (1998). "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Zintl Compounds with a Single-Source Molecular Precursor". Science. 281 (5382): 1500–1501. doi:10.1126/science.281.5382.1500. PMID   9727974.