Related Research Articles
The Actinobacteria are a phylum of mostly Gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soil systems. In soil they help to decompose the organic matter of dead organisms so the molecules can be taken up anew by plants. While this role is also played by fungi, Actinobacteria are much smaller and likely do not occupy the same ecological niche. In this role the colonies often grow extensive mycelia, like a fungus would, and the name of an important order of the phylum, Actinomycetales, reflects that they were long believed to be fungi. Some soil actinobacteria live symbiotically with the plants whose roots pervade the soil, fixing nitrogen for the plants in exchange for access to some of the plant's saccharides. Other species, such as many members of the genus Mycobacterium, are important pathogens.
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.
Mycobacillin is an antifungal cyclic peptide. It was first isolated in 1958 from the bacteria Bacillus subtilis.
Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Streptomyces.
Venturicidins are a group of antifungal compounds. The first member of this class was isolated from Streptomyces bacteria in 1961. Additional members of this class were subsequently isolated and characterized. An antifungal substance "aabomycin A" was isolated from Streptomyces in 1969. However, in 1990 it was reported that aabomycin A is actually a 3:1 mixture of two related components, which were then named aabomycin A1 and aabomycin A2. The structures of these were shown to be identical with those of the previously characterized compounds venturicidin A and venturicidin B, respectively. A new analog, venturicidin C, was recently reported from a Streptomyces isolated from thermal vents associated with the Ruth Mullins coal fire in Kentucky.
Mervyn James Bibb FRS is an Emeritus Fellow at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
Streptomyces albidoflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Poland. Streptomyces albidoflavus produces dibutyl phthalate and streptothricins.
Streptomyces azureus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has isolated from soil. Streptomyces azureus produces the antibiotic thiostrepton.
Streptomyces galbus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from West Bengal. Streptomyces galbus produces xylanase, galbonolides A, galbonolides B and the actinomycin X complex.
Streptomyces griseoflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil. Streptomyces griseoflavus produces bicozamycin, colabomycins A, colabomycins C, germacradienol and hormaomycin.
Streptomyces halstedii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from deeper soil layers. Streptomyces halstedii produces magnamycin B, vicenistatin deltamycin A2, deltamycin A3, bafilomycin B1 and bafilomycin C1.
Streptomyces lydicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the United States. Streptomyces lydicus produces actithiazic acid, natamycin, lydimycin, streptolydigin, and 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin. Streptomyces lydicus can be used as an agent against fungal plant pathogens like Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia and Verticillum.
Streptomyces netropsis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces netropsis produces the antibiotics netropsin and distamycin A and the antifungal polyene mycoheptin
Lactimidomycin is a glutarimide antibiotic derived from the bacteria Streptomyces amphibiosporus. It has antifungal, antiviral and anti-cancer properties, acting as a direct inhibitor of protein translation in ribosomes. Antiviral activity is seen against a variety of RNA viruses including flaviviruses such as dengue fever, Kunjin virus and Modoc virus, as well as vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus. As lactimidomycin is a natural product containing an unusual unsaturated 12-membered lactone ring, it has been the subject of numerous total synthesis approaches.
Streptomyces plicatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces plicatus produces endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase mithramycin, amicetin, bamicetin and plicacetin.
Streptomyces rochei is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia. Streptomyces rochei produces borrelidin, butyrolactol A, butyrolactol B, uricase and streptothricin. Streptomyces rochei has antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Aspergillus fumigatus.
Streptomyces roseiscleroticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Gujarat State in India. Streptomyces roseiscleroticus produces sultriecin.
Streptomyces thioluteus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces thioluteus produces leupeptins, phenazines, phenoxazinones, dioxopiperazines, questiomycin A, aureothricin and aureothin.
Streptomyces violaceusniger is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces violaceusniger has antifungal activity. Streptomyces violaceusniger produces isoafricanol and spirofungin.
Butyrolactol A is an organic chemical compound of interest for its potential use as an antifungal antibiotic.
References
- 1 2 LPSN bacterio.net
- ↑ Straininfo of Streptomyces flavofungini
- 1 2 3 Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen
- 1 2 UniProt
- ↑ ATCC
- ↑ URI, J.; BÉKÉSI, I. (29 March 1958). "Flavofungin, a New Crystalline Antifungal Antibiotic: Origin and Biological Properties". Nature. 181 (4613): 908. Bibcode:1958Natur.181..908U. doi: 10.1038/181908a0 . PMID 13526719. S2CID 4223342.
- ↑ Roberts, edited by B.W. Bycroft ; contributors, A.A. Higton, A.D. (1988). Dictionary of antibiotics and related substances. London: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0-412-25450-6.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
