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Agrobacterium radiobacter is the causal agent of crown gall disease in over 140 species of eudicots. It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative soil bacterium. Symptoms are caused by the insertion of a small segment of DNA, from a plasmid into the plant cell, which is incorporated at a semi-random location into the plant genome. Plant genomes can be engineered by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors.
Agrobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria established by H. J. Conn that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the most commonly studied species in this genus. Agrobacterium is well known for its ability to transfer DNA between itself and plants, and for this reason it has become an important tool for genetic engineering.
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.
Xanthomonas is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies.
Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive coccobacillus bacterium. The organism is commonly found in dry and dusty soil and can be important for diseases of domesticated animals. The frequency of infection can reach near 60%. R. equi is an important pathogen causing pneumonia in foals. Since 2008, R. equi has been known to infect wild boar and domestic pigs. R. equi can infect humans. At-risk groups are immunocompromised people, such as HIV-AIDS patients or transplant recipients. Rhodococcus infection in these patients resemble clinical and pathological signs of pulmonary tuberculosis. It is facultative intracellular.
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) is a type of pathogenic bacteria whose infection causes a syndrome that is identical to shigellosis, with profuse diarrhea and high fever. EIEC are highly invasive, and they use adhesin proteins to bind to and enter intestinal cells. They produce no toxins, but severely damage the intestinal wall through mechanical cell destruction.
Streptomyces scabies or Streptomyces scabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species found in soils around the world. Unlike most of the 500 or so Streptomyces species it is a plant pathogen causing corky lesions to form on tuber and root crops as well as decreasing the growth of seedlings. Along with other closely related species it causes the potato disease common scab, which is an economically important disease in many potato growing areas. It was first described in 1892, being classified as a fungus, before being renamed in 1914 and again in 1948. Several other species of Streptomyces cause similar diseases to S. scabies but other, more closely related species, do not.
Common scab is a plant disease of root and tuber crops caused by a small number of Streptomyces species, specifically S. scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. turgidiscabies and others. Common scab mainly affects potato, but can also cause disease on radish, parsnip, beet, and carrot. This plant disease is found wherever these vegetables are grown.
Bintje is a middle-early ripening potato variety bred in the Netherlands by the Frisian schoolmaster K.L. de Vries in 1904 from and marketed for the first time in 1910. The name of the potato, a diminutive of Benedict, was borrowed from one of his former students.
Streptomyces europaeiscabiei or is a streptomycete bacterium species that is associated with common scab in potatoes. Its type strain is CFBP 4497T.
Streptomyces stelliscabiei or is a streptomycete bacterium species that is associated with common scab in potatoes. Its type strain is CFBP 4521T.
Streptomyces reticuliscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species that is associated with netted scab in potatoes. Its type strain is CFBP 4517T. It is considered to be part of a cluster together with S. turgidiscabies, however they cause different diseases, the former involved in common scab.
Streptomyces acidiscabies is a streptomycete bacterium species, causing a scab disease of potatoes. Its type strain is RL-110.
Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans is a streptomycete bacterium species. It is moderately thermophilic and carboxydotrophic, with type strain AT52.
Pectobacterium atrosepticum is a species of bacterium. It is a plant pathogen causing blackleg of potato. Its type strain is CFBP 1526T. Its genome has been sequenced.
Pectobacterium wasabiae is a plant pathogenic bacterium that was first reported to cause disease on wasabi plants. A closely related species, yet to be formally named, also causes disease on potato. Unlike most Pectobacterium, P. wasabiae strains lack a type III secretion system. Its type strain is CFBP 3304T(=LMG 8404T =NCPPB 3701T =ICMP 9121T).
Streptomyces puniciscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea. Its type strain is S77T. It has purple-red, spiny spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains.
Streptomyces niveiscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea. Its type strain is S78T. It has white, smooth, cylindrical spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains.
Streptomyces ipomoeae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rot from potatoes. Streptomyces ipomoeae produces thaxtomin C and ipomycin. Streptomyces ipomoeae can cause soft rot disease on sweet potatoes.
Streptomyces microflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces microflavus produces nemadectin, fattiviracin A1, milbemycin and deoxyuridines. Streptomyces microflavus also produces the ionophore valinomycin. Streptomyces microflavus is also known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea.
References
- ↑ Miyajima, K.; Tanaka, F.; Takeuchi, T.; Kuninaga, S. (1998). "Streptomyces turgidiscabies sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 48 (2): 495–502. doi: 10.1099/00207713-48-2-495 . ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9731290.
- ↑ Bouchek-Mechiche, K.; Gardan, L.; Andrivon, D.; Normand, P. (2006). "Streptomyces turgidiscabies and Streptomyces reticuliscabiei: one genomic species, two pathogenic groups". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56 (12): 2771–2776. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63161-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 17158976.
