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Sulfurimonas is a bacterial genus within the class of Epsilonproteobacteria, known for reducing nitrate, oxidizing both sulfur and hydrogen, and containing Group IV hydrogenases. This genus consists of four species: Sulfurimonas autorophica, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, Sulfurimonas gotlandica, and Sulfurimonas paralvinellae. The genus' name is derived from "sulfur" in Latin and "monas" from Greek, together meaning a “sulfur-oxidizing rod”. The size of the bacteria varies between about 1.5-2.5 μm in length and 0.5-1.0 μm in width. Members of the genus Sulfurimonas are found in a variety of different environments which include deep sea-vents, marine sediments, and terrestrial habitats. Their ability to survive in extreme conditions is attributed to multiple copies of one enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that members of the genus Sulfurimonas have limited dispersal ability and its speciation was affected by geographical isolation rather than hydrothermal composition. Deep ocean currents affect the dispersal of Sulfurimonas spp., influencing its speciation. As shown in the MLSA report of deep-sea hydrothermal vents Epsilonproteobacteria, Sulfurimonas has a higher dispersal capability compared with deep sea hydrothermal vent thermophiles, indicating allopatric speciation.
Desulfobulbus propionicus is a Gram-negative, anaerobic chemoorganotroph. Three separate strains have been identified: 1pr3T, 2pr4, and 3pr10. It is also the first pure culture example of successful disproportionation of elemental sulfur to sulfate and sulfide. Desulfobulbus propionicus has the potential to produce free energy and chemical products.
Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans is a bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is a ferrous-iron-oxidizing, moderately thermophilic and acidophilic bacteria.
Sulfolobus metallicus is a coccoid shaped thermophilic archaeon. It is a strict chemolithoautotroph gaining energy by oxidation of sulphur and sulphidic ores into sulfuric acid. Its type strain is Kra 23. It has many uses that take advantage of its ability to grow on metal media under acidic and hot environments.
Pedobacter lentus is a species of Gram-negative, non-motile, pleomorphic bacteria. Its type strain is DS-40(T).
Acidithiobacillus caldus formerly belonged to the genus Thiobacillus prior to 2000, when it was reclassified along with a number of other bacterial species into one of three new genera that better categorize sulfur-oxidizing acidophiles. As a member of the Gammaproteobacteria class of Proteobacteria, A. caldus may be identified as a Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently found in pairs. Considered to be one of the most common microbes involved in biomining, it is capable of oxidizing reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) that form during the breakdown of sulfide minerals. The meaning of the prefix acidi- in the name Acidithiobacillus comes from the Latin word acidus, signifying that members of this genus love a sour, acidic environment. Thio is derived from the Greek word thios and describes the use of sulfur as an energy source, and bacillus describes the shape of these microorganisms, which are small rods. The species name, caldus, is derived from the Latin word for warm or hot, denoting this species' love of a warm environment.
"Syntrophothermus lipocalidus" is a bacterium, the type species and only currently described species in its genus. It is thermophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing and anaerobic, and utilises isobutyrate. TGB-C1T is its type strain. Its genome has been fully sequenced.
Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum is an anaerobic, thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, the type species of its genus. The type strain is strain SI(T).
Chromohalobacter salexigens is a gram negative, oxidase and catalase positive, rod shaped, motile and moderately halophilic species of marine bacteria. It was isolated from Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles and from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Colonies are medium-sized, round and yellowish in color. The type strain is DSM 3043T. Its genome has been sequenced. It is a gamma-Proteobacterium, and as such, closely related to Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli.
Haliangium ochraceum is a species of moderately halophilic myxobacteria. It produces yellow fruiting bodies, comprising several sessile sporangioles in dense packs. Its type strain is SMP-2. Its genome has been sequenced.
Desulfohalobium retbaense is a bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is halophilic, sulfate-reducing, motile, nonsporulating and rod-shaped with polar flagella. The type strain is strain DSM 5692. Its genome has been sequenced.
Sulfuricurvum kujiense is a facultatively anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, the type species of its genus. Its cells are motile, curved rods and have a single polar flagellum. Its type strain is YK-1T.
Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum is a species of autotrophic, sulphur-reducing bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is the type species of its genus, being thermophilic, anaerobic, Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped, with type strain BSAT.
Desulfohalobium is a Gram negative, anaerobic, sulfate-reducing, moderately halophilic and rod-shaped bacterial genus from the family of Desulfovibrionaceae.
Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans is a species of bacteria of the genus Sulfobacillus. It is an acidophilic, mixotrophic, moderately thermophilic, Gram-positive, sporulating facultative anaerobe. As its name suggests, it is capable of oxidizing sulfur.
Sulfobacillus is a genus of bacteria containing six named species. Members of the genus are Gram-positive, acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria that are moderately thermophilic or thermotolerant. All species are facultative anaerobes capable of oxidizing sulfur-containing compounds; they differ in optimal growth temperature and metabolic capacity, particularly in their ability to grow on various organic carbon compounds.
Kyrpidia is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, thermophilic, spore-forming bacteria.
Kyrpidia tusciae is a species of Gram positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium. The cells are rod-shaped and form spores.
References
- 1 2 "Genus Sulfobacillus". List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
- ↑ Norris, P. R.; Clark, D. A.; Owen, J. P.; Waterhouse, S. (1996). "Characteristics of Sulfobacillus acidophilus sp. nov. and other moderately thermophilic mineral-sulphide-oxidizing bacteria". Microbiology. 142 (4): 775–783. doi: 10.1099/00221287-142-4-775 . ISSN 1350-0872. PMID 8936305.
