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The Supercar scare was a national controversy that arose in Australia in 1972 in regard to the sale to the public of high performance "homologation special" versions of Australian-built passenger cars.
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Despite the popular belief of the performance motoring public of the time that focuses solely on Evan Green's 25 July 1972 headline article on proposed Australian "supercars", [1] in fact the controversy had started many years as early as 1967, as Evan Green's article was released and printed barely a week before the very last and final announcements were made by the relevant companies and authorities that ended all supercar programs. Public complaints and government minister concerns had originally started before the Ford XR GT was even officially released in 1967, as reported by various mainstream Australian newspapers of the time. A good example would be the concerns noted by Clyde Hodgins in a 26 March 1967 article for The Sydney Morning Herald , proclaiming a 115 mph Falcon was coming soon and more concerns were accelerated even further when The Age , on 15 April, ran a story covering the "soon to be released", 120 mph GT Falcon. These are only two of a large range of articles that cover the public's concerns over the high-performance cars that would appear in the Australian mainstream papers alongside headlines that also proclaimed the public's concern over the excessively high and fast-growing road death toll that Australia also had at the time. Evan Green thus was to become the unfair focus for a problem and ultimate solution that had actually been growing steadily since 1967.
On 24 July 1969, the same day that the Ford GTHO Phase I "Super-Car" was publicly announced, the New South Wales Transport Minister was quoted as opening the annual conference of the Motor Trades by charging the motor trade for its "irresponsible promotion of speed". Threats from the government minister and the state premier were publicly recorded in the mainstream papers as threatening the car manufactures that they may be excluded from any eligibility for any government contracts, should the manufacturers continue to make and sell to the public any car considered a supercar. On 5 November 1970, The Age reported on a government appointed committee to probe the nationally recorded 3,383 deaths on Australian roads in 1969 and by 1970, the road toll was to be the highest amount of deaths on Australian roads ever seen, with The Age on 6 October 1970 reporting the NSW road toll was 977 deaths in the state of NSW alone and the year was yet unfinished.
In late 1971, well prior to the Evan Green article being published in Sydney in mid-1972, a magazine had shown a Ford Falcon GTHO Phase III being driven (legally) at over 225 km/h (140 mph) on a Victorian public highway. [2] At the time, Victoria had no maximum speed limit (in other states, the maximum limit on most roads was 60 mph (97 km/h)), [1] so there was technically no fault in this as long as the drivers were driving safely in the eyes of the police. But concerns about potential public and government backlash shown by the publishers at the high, but not illegal speed of the car on the open highway in 1971, saw the magazine photo actually altered to show a more publicly acceptable speed of slightly over 100 mph.
The proposed models were a 320 bhp (239 kW), 5.0 L V8-engined version of the Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1, the Ford Falcon GTHO Phase IV powered by a 400 bhp (298 kW) 5.8 L V8 engine, [3] [4] and an upgraded version of the Chrysler Valiant Charger fitted with a 300 bhp (224 kW) 4.3 L Hemi-6 engine. [1]
While testing the prototype Torana V8 in a Sports Sedan race at Bathurst during the Easter weekend in 1972, Holden Dealer Team (HDT) boss Harry Firth calculated that the car, driven by regular HDT driver Colin Bond, reached 273 km/h (170 mph) on the 2 km long Conrod Straight. He also noted that the V8 was a regular road car engine (with minimal modifications) and not a blueprinted race engine. Firth ran the car in Sports Sedans (fitted with front and rear spoilers) in a successful attempt to disguise that the V8 Torana was intended to be raced in the Bathurst 500 later in the year. Firth also had team mechanic/driver Larry Perkins drive the Torana from Melbourne to Bathurst with instructions to "go as fast as you can", with Firth in his hotted up Holden Monaro secretly following Perkins the entire way, and noting that the Torana was getting away from Firth while he was doing 125 mph (201 km/h). The entire journey to Bathurst was completed in a mere 4 hours and 33 minutes, a record that stands to this day. The team also ran their regular six-cylinder car in the Series Production races that weekend, giving Firth a valuable guide in how much faster the V8 engined car was compared to the six (the V8 lapped over 5 seconds faster), and how it would compare to the V8 powered Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase 3's. The V8 Torana was not only faster than the Phase 3's, but around 5 seconds per lap faster than the team's 6cyl XU-1 Torana driven by Peter Brock. The XW7 308 V8 Engine for the XW7 V8 LJ Torana was a 300 bhp (224 kW) 308 Engine and was not the Standard 240 bhp (179 kW) 308 V8 Engine.
Chrysler Australia tested V8-powered Valiants that "went like Hell" according to Ian (Pete) Geoghegan. [5] Similarly powered vehicles in the United States were winning many races in the Trans-Am series. Two VH Valiant Chargers with 340ci engines, 4-speed manual transmissions, and heavy duty Chrysler-built rear axles were sighted briefly in a Melbourne dealership only days prior to the publishing of Evan Green's article; this pair had "disappeared" by the very next morning (Monday 26th).
The Evan Green article quoted New South Wales Transport Minister Milton Morris as saying that he was appalled at these cars - which he labelled "bullets on wheels" [1] - being sold to ordinary motorists and that "if manufacturers are making these supercars available to the general public because this is a condition of eligibility for the Bathurst 500, then I think it is imperative that race organisers closely examine their rules." [1] Green went on to say that the models would introduce new standards of handling and control in Australian high performance cars and he quoted HDT boss Harry Firth as saying that the proposed Torana V8 model would be "the best handling, safest car on the road." [1]
While Firth was insistent that the V8 XU-1 handled better than the six-cylinder version, HDT driver Peter Brock, who also raced the HDT Beast LC Torana Sports Sedan that had an F5000 V8 Engine fitted, later claimed that while the V8 was a lot faster in a straight line, its handling was terrible. Brock reported that in testing, the first time both he and Colin Bond gave the car full acceleration, it broke the windscreen due to the V8's much greater torque.
On the following Wednesday, Morris said he would "seek a national ban on such cars" [6] and the following day the Queensland Minister of Transport, Mr Hooper joined in calling for a "national ban on the registration of popular make high-performance cars capable of speeds in excess of 130 mph". [6] In another announcement on that Thursday, Mr D Thomson, secretary of the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport, stated that regulations would be changed to discontinue all "series production car" races and allow manufacturers to race specially modified race vehicles derived from a production vehicle. [7] Thomson also said that the Bathurst 500 "had created large problems, one of the greatest of which was the marketing of the 'super-cars'". [7]
On 29 June 1972, subsequent to the governmental and press concerns to the supercars that had been growing since 1967, CAMS announced that the Group E Series Production Touring Cars category would be retired for 1973, instead allowing manufacturers to "enter specially modified vehicles" that are "derived from a production car manufactured by the company", setting the stage for the Group C Touring Cars category. [8]
The next day, on 30 June 1972, a spokesman for General Motors-Holden's announced that the company had abandoned its plans to build and race a V8 powered Torana "because of concern expressed by government leaders". [9] On the same day a spokesman for the Ford Motor Company stated that the company was "considering the situation" and a spokesman for Chrysler Australia Ltd claimed that the "Charger R/T is not a super-car". [9] The following day Ford announced that it would not continue with production of its new GTHO and that the company would seek government guidelines for the production of performance cars. [10]
On the same day, Chrysler said that it had abandoned development of a V8 competition version of the Charger R/T and that it would "withdraw from "direct participation" in series production racing, including the Bathurst 500". Chrysler also reported that the V8 Charger was not intended for the 1972 Hardie-Ferodo 500, though Chrysler factory backed racing brothers Leo and Ian Geoghegan did test a ute fitted with a 5.6 litre (340 cui) V8 engine and with the R/T Charger's wheelbase at the Mallala circuit in South Australia. The Geoghegan's reported that while faster on the straights, the extra weight of the V8 gave the car severe understeer and required earlier brake points due to the brakes being the same size as those on the six-cylinder Hemi Chargers (the Geoghegan's reports on the V8 Chrysler). As a result, lap times in testing were around two to three seconds slower than when the car was fitted with the lighter Hemi six, though it was expected that the long straights and more open nature of the Mount Panorama Circuit would better suit the more powerful V8 engine car. Pete Geoghegan also road tested the V8 ute on the country roads surrounding the town of Mallala and reported that while the top speed was a vast improvement over the Hemi-6, the extra weight of the V8 did not stop the front of the car feeling 'light' at high speeds. [10]
While there was government outrage that the "Big Three" were to produce such supercars for public sale in Australia, it was pointed out that those who could afford to do so could still buy high powered imported sports cars such as those made by Ferrari, Porsche and Jaguar that came with performance capabilities that rivaled or surpassed the proposed Australian cars. While these cars were somewhat more expensive to buy in Australia, it was argued that drivers had as much chance of having a fatal accident in a high powered import as they did in an Australian-made car.
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Following the shelving of the so-called "Supercars", the 1972 Hardie-Ferodo 500 went ahead under Series Production rules. The race was won by Peter Brock in a six-cylinder LJ Torana GTR XU-1 for Firth's Holden Dealer Team. The following year, CAMS introduced the Group C touring car rules [8] which would last until the end of 1984. The Bathurst 500 was also increased from 500 miles to 1000 kilometres from 1973.
Evan Green, the journalist/racer who often was attributed to have started the Supercar Scare, was also a television motorsport commentator for Channel 7 in Sydney, which broadcast Bathurst 1000. For many years after 1972, Green was shunned or given short answers by HDT boss Harry Firth, whose team had carried out all the development of the V8 Torana. Firth also claimed that he personally lost some A$55,000 of his own money on the prototype cars (both HDT's yellow LC XU-1 and the Lone o Ranger (orange) V8 prototypes were converted back to a six-cylinder and later sold off by GMH, with the orange prototype being stolen in November 1985 and remained missing since. The pink and white LJ GTR 308 V8 prototypes were later sold off, with the pink LJ GTR prototype being found in 2012 and then auctioned twice in 2019 [11] and 2022). [12] A similar issue happened with factory Ford driver Allan Moffat, who had been heavily involved in the testing and development of the Phase IV Falcon (four were built and three are known to survive as of 2020). While Firth later claimed that Green was "no friend of mine" following the Supercar scare, Moffat softened his stance over the years and allowed Green to interview him both in the pits and also in his Melbourne workshop.
Unlike Ford and Holden, Chrysler Australia chose to pull out of racing after 1972 (Ford also did after 1973, but returned in 1976). Chrysler introduced both the 5.3 L and 5.6 L V8 engines to its luxury sedans, though both were heavily de-tuned. Ford continued to produce its V8 powered Ford Falcon GT range until the GT was discontinued after the Ford XB Falcon, though the Falcon continued with the V8 until Ford pulled the plug on it in 1983. Although the 5.0 L V8 was already part of the larger Monaro and Kingswood range, Holden introduced the V8 to the Torana range in 1974 with the Holden LH Torana SLR/5000.
A muscle car is an American-made two-door sports coupe with a powerful engine, generally designed for high-performance driving.
The Holden Torana is a mid-sized car that was manufactured by Holden from 1967 to 1980. The name apparently comes from a word meaning "to fly" in an unconfirmed Aboriginal Australian language. The original HB series Torana was released in 1967 and was a four-cylinder compact vehicle closely based on the British Vauxhall Viva HB series of 1966–1970.
The Bathurst 1000 is a 1,000-kilometre (621.4 mi) touring car race held annually on the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. It is currently run as part of the Supercars Championship, the most recent incarnation of the Australian Touring Car Championship. In 1987 it was a round of the World Touring Car Championship. The Bathurst 1000 is colloquially known as The Great Race among motorsport fans and media. The race originated with the 1960 Armstrong 500 with a 500 mile race distance at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit; it was relocated to Bathurst in 1963 also with the 500 mile distance and has continued there every year since, extending to a 1,000 kilometer race in 1973. The race was traditionally run on the New South Wales Labour-Day long weekend in early October. Since 2001, the race has been run on the weekend following the long weekend, generally the second weekend of October.
The Holden Dealer Team (HDT) was Holden's semi-official racing team from 1969 until 1986, primarily contesting Australian Touring Car events but also rallying, rallycross and Sports Sedan races during the 1970s. From 1980 the Holden Dealer Team, by then under the ownership of Peter Brock, diversified into producing modified road-going Commodores and other Holden cars for selected dealers via HDT Special Vehicles.
Colin John Bond is an Australian former racing driver. Bond reached the highest levels in Australian motorsport in 1969 when he was recruited by Harry Firth to the newly formed Holden Dealer Team. He quickly found success, winning the 1969 Hardie-Ferodo 500 mile race at Bathurst, New South Wales in a Holden Monaro.
The Chrysler Valiant Charger was a two-door hardtop coupe introduced by Chrysler Australia in 1971. It was a short wheelbase version of the concurrent Australian Chrysler Valiant sedan. Introduced within the VH Valiant series, it continued as a variant through the subsequent VJ, VK and CL series, until production ceased in 1978. It was marketed and badged as the Valiant Charger in the VH and VJ series and as the Chrysler Charger in the later VK and CL series.
Allan George MoffatOBE is a Canadian-born Australian racing driver known for his four championships in the Australian Touring Car Championship, six wins in the Sandown 500 and his four wins in the Bathurst 500/1000. Moffat was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 1999.
Evan Clifford Symons Green was an Australian motoring publicist, journalist, TV commentator and novelist. He was also a rally driver with international recognition. He wrote many articles about himself and his experiences while rally driving.
Robert Morris is an Australian former racing driver. Morris was one of the leading touring car drivers during the 1970s and continued racing until 1984. Morris won Australia's premier Touring car race, the Bathurst 1000 in 1976. He also won the Australian Touring Car Championship in 1979. Morris was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2004.
The Ford Motor Company Falcon XY GT is a sports sedan based on the Ford Falcon XY. Released in 1970 by Ford Australia, with the GTHO Phase III released in 1971. Some 1,557 units were produced from September 1970 to December 1971 with 300 GTHO Phase IIIs produced from May 1971 to November 1971. It was the fourth in the initial series of the Ford Falcon GT. A limited number were exported to South Africa, wearing Fairmont GT badging. The Fairmont GT model is starting to increase in value as Falcon GTs become harder to find and buyers beginning to see the Fairmont as a genuine GT.
Henry Leslie Firth, OAM was an Australian racing driver and team manager. Firth was a leading race and rally driver during the 1950s and 1960s and continued as an influential team manager with first the Ford works team and then the famed Holden Dealer Team (HDT) well into the 1970s. Firth’s nickname was "the fox", implying his use of cunning ploys as a team manager.
The Ford works team was the unofficial name for an Australian motor racing team which was supported by the Ford Motor Company of Australia. The team was formed in 1962 and was disbanded when Ford Australia withdrew from motor racing at the end of 1973. Drivers for the works team included Allan Moffat, Fred Gibson, Harry Firth, Bob Jane, Barry Seton, Bruce McPhee, John French, Ian Geoghegan and his brother Leo Geoghegan. Ford Australia also supported a factory rally team in Australia from 1977 to 1980.
The 1977 Hardie-Ferodo 1000 was a motor race for Group C Touring Cars, held on 2 October 1977 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. It was the 18th in a sequence of "Bathurst 1000" events commencing with the 1960 Armstrong 500.
The 1972 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was an endurance motor race open to Group E Series Production Touring Cars. The race was held on 1 October 1972 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. Cars competed in four classes defined by Capacity Price Units, where the engine capacity, expressed in litres, was multiplied by the purchase price in Australian dollars to arrive at a CP value for each vehicle. It was the 13th running of the Bathurst 500 race and the last to be held over the original distance of 500 miles. It was also the last to allow drivers to compete for the full distance without a relief driver. The race was the third round of the 1972 Australian Manufacturers' Championship.
The 1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was a motor race held on 3 October 1971 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. It was open to production vehicles competing in showroom condition, with the field divided into five classes based on the purchase price of the vehicle in Australian dollars. Although an outright winner was officially recognised, all other official awards were for class results only. The race was the 12th in a sequence of annual "Bathurst 500" production car races dating back to the 1960 Armstrong 500. The outright winner was Allan Moffat driving a Ford XY Falcon GT-HO Phase III.
The 1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was the 11th running of the Bathurst 500 touring car race. It was held on 4 October 1970 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst. The race was open to standard production sedans competing in five classes based on the purchase price of the vehicle.
The 1969 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was the tenth running of the Bathurst 500 production car race. It was held on 5 October 1969 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. Cars competed in five classes based on purchase price of the vehicle.
The 1972 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title open to Group C Improved Production Touring Cars and Group E Series Production Touring Cars. The championship, which was the 13th running of the Australian Touring Car Championship, began at Symmons Plains and ended at Oran Park after eight rounds.
Leo Francis Geoghegan was an Australian racing driver. He was the elder of two sons of former New South Wales car dealer Tom Geoghegan, both of whom become dominant names in Australian motor racing in the 1960s. While his younger brother Ian "Pete" Geoghegan had much of his success in touring car racing, winning five Australian Touring Car Championships, Leo spent most of his racing career in open wheel racing cars.
Milton Arthur Morris AO was an Australian politician who represented the Electoral district of Maitland between 3 March 1956 and 29 August 1980 for the Liberal Party. He helped pass several laws promoting automobile safety.