Politics of Guatemala takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, where by the President of Guatemala is both head of state, head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Congress of the Republic. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Guatemala is a Constitutional Republic.
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation is the Mexican institution serving as the country's federal high court and the spearhead organisation for the judiciary of the Mexican Federal Government. It consists of eleven magistrates, known as ministers of the court, one of whom is designated the court's president.
The Supreme Court of Argentina, officially known as the Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Nation, is the highest court of law of the Argentine Republic. It was inaugurated on 15 January 1863. However, during much of the 20th century, the Court and the Argentine judicial system in general, lacked autonomy from the executive power. The Court was reformed in 2003 by the decree 222/03.
The Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia in Bogotá is the highest judicial body in civil and penal matters and issues of criminal and civil procedure in Colombia. The Supreme Court of Colombia is the highest authority in regard to the interpretation of administrative law, constitutional law, and the administration of the judiciary.
The Supreme Court of Bolivia was the Bolivia's highest court from 1825 to 2012. It was located in Sucre, 410 kilometres to the south-east of La Paz, Bolivia's capital. The Court was created by the Supreme Decree of April 27, 1825, which transformed the Royal Audience of Charcas of imperial Spain into the Supreme Court of the newly independent country. The Supreme Court of Bolivia was officially inaugurated on July 16, 1827.
The Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador is the highest court of El Salvador. The court sits in San Salvador. The current president is Judge Óscar Alberto López Jerez.
The Supreme Court of Honduras is the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court of Honduras. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in Honduras.
The Supreme Court of Justice is the highest court of ordinary jurisdiction in Bolivia, based in Sucre. Its powers are set out in Articles 181–185 of the 2009 Constitution and the Law of the Judicial Organ. It was first seated on 2 January 2012.
The Supreme Court of Uruguay is the highest court of law and last resort in the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. It serves as the highest appeals court, and appoints and oversees all other judges. Established on 28 October 1907, it is housed in the Palacio Piria, a masterpiece of eclectic architecture from 1917.
The Supreme Court of the Dominican Republic is the highest court existing in the Republic and is, therefore, the head of the judiciary in the country.
Augusto Ibáñez Guzmán was a Colombian lawyer and academic. He was the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia from 2009–2012.
José Luis Barceló Camacho is a Colombian lawyer and academic, former president of the Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia.
Hugo Enrique Dolmestch Urra is a Chilean lawyer, judge, and teacher. He was a Minister of the Supreme Court of Chile, and was its President from 2016 to 2018.
The Supreme Court of Justice of Nicaragua is the country's highest court. Its president is Alba Luz Ramos and Marvin Aguilar Garcia is vice-president.
Irma Cué Sarquis, also known by her married name, Irma Cué de Duarte, is a Mexican lawyer and politician of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). She has held several public offices, including federal deputy and Minister of the National Supreme Court of Justice.
Silvia Patricia Valdés Quezada is a lawyer who served as the third female president of the Supreme Court of Justice and the judicial branch of Guatemala, from 2019 until 2023.
Doris Perla Morales Martínez is a Uruguayan lawyer who serves as a minister of the Supreme Court of Uruguay.
The President of the Supreme Court of Justice is the main judge of the Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia and the highest-ranking official of the judiciary of the Republic of Colombia Law 61 of 1886 of the Constitution of Colombia grants plenary power to the president of Colombia to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the Republic of Colombia to appoint "Judges of the Supreme Court", who will serve until they resign, retire, be charged and convicted, or die. The existence of a president of the Supreme Court is explicit in the political constitution on August 4, 1886.
Oscar Abel Hassenteufel Salazar is a Bolivian lawyer and jurist serving as president of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal since 2021. A perennial figure in the Bolivian judiciary, Hassenteufel previously held seats on the now-defunct Supreme Court of Justice from 1993 to 2001 and National Electoral Court from 2001 to 2006, presiding over both bodies from 1999 to 2001 and 2002 to 2006, respectively.
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