Synergini

Last updated

Synergini
Saphonecrus connatus 17793.jpg
Saphonecrus connatus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Cynipidae
Subfamily: Cynipinae
Tribe: Synergini
Genera
  • See text
Diversity
69 species [1]

Synergini is a tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae. [2] [3]

Contents

Genera

The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini: [4]

All of these except Lithosaphonecrus and Rhoophilus are found in the eastern Palearctic realm. [4] Synergus has the greatest number of species in Synergini. [7]

A reworking of the entire Cynipidae family published in 2015 transferred three genera formerly included in Synergini to other tribes - Ceroptres to a tribe of its own (Ceroptresini), and Periclistus and Synophromorpha to Diastrophini. [8]

Gall use

Members of Synergini have lost the ability to create their own galls, and instead make use of galls left behind by other wasps. As a result, they are classified as inquilines. [9] Species in Synergini usually make use of galls made by wasps in tribe Cynipini. [7]

References

  1. ↑ Nastasi, Louis F; Buffington, Matthew L; Davis, Charles K; Deans, Andrew R (2024). "Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidaesensu lato)". ZooKeys. 1196.
  2. ↑ Wachi N, Ide T, Abe Y (2011-05-01). "A New Inquiline Species of Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) Associated with Cecidomyiid Galls on Oak Trees in Japan". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 104 (3): 369–373. doi: 10.1603/an10187 . ISSN   0013-8746.
  3. ↑ Fernandes GW, Santos JC (2014-06-26). Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer. p. 467. ISBN   978-94-017-8783-3.
  4. 1 2 Melika G, Choi JY, Pujade-Villar J, Pénzes Z, Fülöp D (2007-09-01). "A New Species of Inquiline Cynipid of the Genus Ufo Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2005 from Korea (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini)". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 10 (3): 197–200. doi:10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60353-2. ISSN   1226-8615.
  5. ↑ Nieves-Aldrey JL, Medianero E (1 July 2010). "Agastoroxenia panamensis, a New Genus and Species of Inquiline Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) of the Neotropics". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (4): 492–499. doi:10.1603/AN09148. S2CID   86613914.
  6. ↑ Schwéger S, Melika G, Tang CT, Yang MM, Stone GN, Nicholls JA, et al. (December 2015). "New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, with a re-appraisal of known species world-wide". Zootaxa. 4054: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4054.1.1. PMID   26701460.
  7. 1 2 3 Acs Z, Challis RJ, Bihari P, Blaxter M, Hayward A, Melika G, et al. (April 2010). "Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55 (1): 210–25. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.004. PMID   20004727.
  8. ↑ Ronquist F, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Buffington ML, Liu Z, Liljeblad J, Nylander JA (2015-05-20). "Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens". PLOS ONE. 10 (5) e0123301. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023301R. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123301 . PMC   4439057 . PMID   25993346.
  9. ↑ Melika G, Ros-Farré P, Pénzes Z, Ács Z, Pujade-Villar J 2005. Ufo abei Melika et Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) new genus and new species from Japan. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4), 313–327.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.