Synergus

Synergus
Synergus clandestinus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Cynipidae
Subfamily:	Cynipinae
Tribe:	Synergini
Genus:	Synergus Hartig, 1840 [1]

Synergus is a genus of gall wasp in the tribe Synergini. It is found worldwide. Species in Synergus are generally inquilines, which means they use the galls of other species of gall wasps. ^[2] Synergus uses the galls of Cynipini on oak trees. ^[3]

Species

As of 2024, there are at least 127 species in Synergus. ^[2] Notable species include:

• Synergus itoensis
  • Only Synergus species known to induce its own gall. ^[4]
• Synergus japonicus
• Synergus vulgaris Hartig, 1840
  • The type species for Synergus ^[3]

References

1. Hartig, T. (1840). "Ueber die familie der Gallwespen". Zeitschrift für die Entomologie. 2: 176–200.
2. Xiudan, Wang; Luan, Liu; Yang, Zeng (2024-02-29). "Discovery of a new species of Synergus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini) based on morphology and molecular data". ZooKeys (1193): 81–94. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1193...81X. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1193.105756 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   10921061 . PMID   38463756.
3. Nastasi, Louis F.; Buffington, Matthew L.; Davis, Charles K.; Deans, Andrew R. (2024-03-25). "Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidae sensu lato)". ZooKeys (1196): 177–207. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1196..177N. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   10985401 . PMID   38566620.
4. Gobbo, Erik; Lartillot, Nicolas; Hearn, Jack; Stone, Graham N; Abe, Yoshihisa; Wheat, Christopher W; Ide, Tatsuya; Ronquist, Fredrik (2020-11-03). David, Enard (ed.). "From Inquilines to Gall Inducers: Genomic Signature of a Life-Style Transition in Synergus Gall Wasps". Genome Biology and Evolution. 12 (11): 2060–2073. doi:10.1093/gbe/evaa204. ISSN   1759-6653. PMC   7674688 . PMID   32986797.