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Primary nutritional groups are groups of organisms, divided in relation to the nutrition mode according to the sources of energy and carbon, needed for living, growth and reproduction. The sources of energy can be light or chemical compounds; the sources of carbon can be of organic or inorganic origin.
Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions. They are prokaryotic and belong to the domain of archaea. They are common in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas, and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and many humans, where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in humans. In marine sediments, the biological production of methane, also termed methanogenesis, is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted, below the top layers. Moreover, methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. Others are extremophiles, found in environments such as hot springs and submarine hydrothermal vents as well as in the "solid" rock of Earth's crust, kilometers below the surface.
Ferroglobus is a genus of the Archaeoglobaceae.
Aquifex is a bacterial genus, belonging to phylum Aquificae. There is one species of Aquifex with a validly published name – A. pyrophilus – but "A. aeolicus" is sometimes considered as species though it has no standing as a name given it has not been validly or effectively published. Aquifex spp. are extreme thermophiles, growing best at temperature of 85 °C to 95 °C. They are members of the Bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea.
In biology, syntrophy, synthrophy, or cross-feeding is the phenomenon of one species living off of the metabolic products of another species. In this type of biological interaction, the growth of one partner depends on the nutrients, growth factors, or substrates provided by the other partner. Jan Dolfing describes syntrophy as "the critical interdependency between producer and consumer". This term for nutritional interdependence is often used in microbiology to describe this symbiotic relationship between bacterial species. Morris et al. have described the process as "obligately mutualistic metabolism".
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01 is a specific strain of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans.
Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacterium; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its best growth conditions are anaerobic phototrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy in the absence of light. R. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen. It is remarkably metabolically diverse, as it is able to grow heterotrophically via fermentation and aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Such a metabolic versatility has motivated the investigation of R. sphaeroides as microbial cell factory for biotechnological applications.
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope. Eukaryotes belong to the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya; their name comes from the Greek εὖ and κάρυον. The domain Eukaryota makes up one of the domains of life in the three-domain system; the two other domains are Bacteria and Archaea, and the Eukaryote are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea in or as sister of the now cultivated Asgard Archaea. Eukaryotes represent a tiny minority of the number of living organisms; however, due to their generally much larger size, their collective worldwide biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.1-1.6 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as flagellated phagotrophs.
Saccharibacteria, formerly known as TM7, is a major bacterial lineage. It was discovered through 16S rRNA sequencing.
Thermotoga maritima is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales. It employs [FeFe]-hydrogenases to produce hydrogen gas (H2) by fermenting many different types of carbohydrates.
Geobacter sulfurreducens is a gram-negative metal and sulphur-reducing proteobacterium. It is rod-shaped, obligately anaerobic, non-fermentative, has flagellum and type four pili, and is closely related to Geobacter metallireducens. Geobacter sulfurreducens is an anaerobic species of bacteria that comes from the family of bacteria called Geobacteraceae. Under the genus of Geobacter, G. sulfurreducens is one out of twenty different species. The Geobacter genus was discovered by Dr. Derek R. Lovley in 1987. G. sulfurreducens was first isolated in Norman, Oklahoma, USA from materials found around the surface of a contaminated ditch.
Syntrophomonas wolfei is a bacterium. It is anaerobic, syntrophic and fatty acid-oxidizing. It has a multilayered cell wall of the gram-negative type.
Syntrophus buswellii is a bacterium. It is a motile, gram-negative, anaerobic rod-shaped organism which catabolises benzoate.
Bacillus mojavensis is a bacterium. Bacillus axarquiensis and Bacillus malacitensis are considered later heterotypic synonyms of B. Mojavensis. It is named after the Mojave Desert.
Thermotoga naphthophila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-10T.
Asaia siamensis is a species of acetic acid bacterium. It was first isolated from a flower of Calotropis gigantea collected in Bangkok. Its type strain is NRIC 0323T.
Rhodobacter capsulatus is a species of purple bacteria, a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its name is derived from the Latin adjective "capsulatus", itself derived Latin noun "capsula", and the associated Latin suffix for masculine nouns, "-atus".
Syntrophus is a Gram negative bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophaceae.
Microbial oxidation of sulfur is the oxidation of sulfur by microorganisms to produce energy. The oxidation of inorganic compounds is the strategy primarily used by chemolithotrophic microorganisms to obtain energy in order to build their structural components, survive, grow and reproduce. Some inorganic forms of reduced sulfur, mainly sulfide (H2S/HS−) and elemental sulfur (S0), can be oxidized by chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes, usually coupled to the reduction of oxygen (O2) or nitrate (NO3−).
References
- ↑ Elshahed, M. S.; McInerney, M. J. (2001). "Benzoate Fermentation by the Anaerobic Bacterium Syntrophus aciditrophicus in the Absence of Hydrogen-Using Microorganisms". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (12): 5520–5525. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.12.5520-5525.2001. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 93338 . PMID 11722901.
- ↑ McInerney, M. J.; Rohlin, L.; Mouttaki, H.; Kim, U.; Krupp, R. S.; Rios-Hernandez, L.; Sieber, J.; Struchtemeyer, C. G.; Bhattacharyya, A.; Campbell, J. W.; Gunsalus, R. P. (2007). "The genome of Syntrophus aciditrophicus: Life at the thermodynamic limit of microbial growth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (18): 7600–7605. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.7600M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610456104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1863511 . PMID 17442750.
