Târnava River

Last updated
Târnava River
Küküllő, Kokel
Raul Tarnava.jpg
Location
Country Romania
Region Transylvania
Counties Alba County
Physical characteristics
SourceJunction of the Târnava Mare and the Târnava Mică
 - location Blaj, Romania
 - coordinates 46°10′18″N23°53′35″E / 46.17167°N 23.89306°E / 46.17167; 23.89306
Mouth Mureș
 - location Teiuş, Romania
 - coordinates 46°9′16″N23°41′56″E / 46.15444°N 23.69889°E / 46.15444; 23.69889 Coordinates: 46°9′16″N23°41′56″E / 46.15444°N 23.69889°E / 46.15444; 23.69889
Length23 km (14 mi)
Discharge 
 - average25 m3/s (880 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Basin size6,253 km2 (2,414 sq mi)
Tributaries 
 - left Târnava Mare
 - right Târnava Mică
Progression MureșTiszaDanubeBlack Sea

The Târnava (fully Romanian : Râul Târnava, Hungarian : Küküllő; German : Kokel; Turkish : Kokul or Kokulu) is a river in Romania. It is formed by the confluence of the Târnava Mare and Târnava Mică in the town of Blaj. The Târnava flows into the Mureș after 23 km, [1] near the town of Teiuş. Tributaries of the Târnava, besides its two source rivers Târnava Mare and Târnava Mică, are the Tiur, Izvorul Iezerului and Secaș from the left and the Șoimuș from the right. Its drainage basin covers an area of 6,253 km2 (2,414 sq mi). [2] :22

Romanian language Romance language

Romanian is an Eastern Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language. It is an official and national language of Romania and Moldova. In addition, it is also one of the official languages of the European Union.

Hungarian language language spoken in and around Hungary

German language West Germanic language

German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol (Italy), the German-speaking Community of Belgium, and Liechtenstein. It is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg and a co-official language in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. The languages which are most similar to German are the other members of the West Germanic language branch: Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, Low German/Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, and Yiddish. There are also strong similarities in vocabulary with Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, although those belong to the North Germanic group. German is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English.

Etymology

Romanian : Tarnava Cactus Spines (aka).jpg
Romanian : Târnava
Kukullo Hungarian : kokenyes Prunus spinosa 002.jpg
Küküllő Hungarian : kökényes

The name Târnava is of Slavic origin, from trn, [3] meaning "thorn".

Slavic languages languages of the Slavic peoples

The Slavic languages are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the Early Middle Ages, which in turn is thought to have descended from the earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic language, linking the Slavic languages to the Baltic languages in a Balto-Slavic group within the Indo-European family.

The Hungarian name Küküllő is of Old Turkic origin from Kukel meaning sloe, and is thought to be given by the Avars.

Turkic languages Language family

The Turkic languages are a language family of at least thirty-five documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and West Asia all the way to North Asia and East Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning Western China to Mongolia, where Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken, according to one estimate, around 2,500 years ago, from where they expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium.

Pannonian Avars historical ethnical group

The Pannonian Avars were an alliance of several groups of Eurasian nomads of unknown origins.

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Mureș (river) river in Romania and Hungary

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Nagy-Küküllő County county of the Kingdom of Hungary

Nagy-Küküllő was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania. Nagy-Küküllő is the Hungarian name for the Târnava Mare River. The capital of the county was Segesvár.

Olt River river in Romania

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Crasna (Tisza) river in Romania

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Târnava Mică River river in Romania

The Târnava Mică River is a river in Romania. Its total length is 196 km (122 mi), and its drainage basin area is 2,071 km2 (800 sq mi). Its source is in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, in Harghita County. It flows to the west through the Romanian counties Harghita, Mureș, and Alba, more or less parallel to and north from the Târnava Mare. The cities of Sovata and Târnăveni lie on the Târnava Mică. It joins the Târnava Mare in Blaj, forming the Târnava.

Someșul Mic River river in Romania

The Someșul Mic River is a river in north-western Romania. Its total length is 178 km (111 mi), and its drainage basin area is 3,773 km2 (1,457 sq mi). It is formed at the confluence of two headwaters, Someșul Cald and Someșul Rece, that come from the Apuseni Mountains. From the confluence, in Gilău, the Someșul Mic flows east and north through Cluj-Napoca, Apahida and Gherla, until it meets the Someșul Mare in Dej. Downstream from Dej, the river is called Someș.

The Agrișteu River is a tributary of the Târnava Mică River in Romania.

The Sântioana River is a left tributary of the river Târnava Mică in Romania. It discharges into the Târnava Mică in Laslău Mare.

Olteț (river) river in Romania, tributary of Olt, Olt County

The Olteț is a right tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It discharges into the Olt in Fălcoiu. Its total length is 185 km (115 mi), and its drainage basin area is 2,663 km2 (1,028 sq mi).

The Valea Mare River is a tributary of the Târnava Mică river in Romania.

The Vorumloc River is a left tributary of the river Târnava Mare in Romania. It discharges into the Târnava Mare in Copșa Mică.

Vișa River river in Romania

The Vișa River is a left tributary of the river Târnava Mare in Romania. It discharges into the Târnava Mare in Copșa Mică.

Tur (river) river in Romania

The Tur is a tributary of the Tisza River. Its sources are located in the Oaș Mountains in Romania. The Tur starts at the confluence of its headwaters, the Gorova and Turișor. It then flows through Satu Mare County in Romania. The main town on the Tur is Turulung, The river then forms the border between Romania and Ukraine on a reach of 5.2 km, and the border between Romania and Hungary for 1.1 km. The Tur joins the Tisza river near Szatmárcseke in Hungary. Its basin size is 1,144 km2 (442 sq mi).

Sebeș (river) river in Romania

The Sebeș is a left tributary of the river Mureș in Transylvania, Romania. The upper reach of the river is also known as Frumoasa. The Romanian and Hungarian name Sebeș and Sebes originate from the Hungarian adjective sebes meaning "speedy", while the German name means Mill Creek. The source of the river is on the south slope of the Cindrel Mountains, in the southwestern part of Sibiu County. It discharges into the Mureș in Alba Iulia.

Barcău (Criș) river

The Barcău or Bereteu is a river which has its origin in Sălaj County, Romania. It is about 167 kilometres (104 mi) long with a watershed area of 5,812 km2 (2,244 sq mi). After crossing Bihor County in Romania and Hajdú-Bihar and Békés County in Hungary, it flows into the Sebes-Körös near Szeghalom.

Târnava-Mică County County (Județ) in Romania

Târnava-Mică County was a county in the Kingdom of Romania, the successor to Kis-Küküllő County of the KIngdom of Hungary. Its capital was Diciosânmartin until 1926, and afterwards at Blaj.

Târnava Mare river in Romania

The Târnava Mare is a river in Romania. Its total length is 223 km, and its drainage basin area is 3,666 km2. Its source is in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, near the sources of the Mureș and Olt in Harghita County. It flows through the Romanian counties of Harghita, Mureș, Sibiu, and Alba. The cities of Odorheiu Secuiesc, Sighișoara, and Mediaș lie on the Târnava Mare. It joins the Târnava Mică in Blaj, forming the Târnava.

Târnava-Mare County County (Județ) in Romania

Târnava-Mare County is one of the historical counties of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. The county seat was Sighișoara.

References