A pen is a common writing instrument that applies ink to a surface, usually paper, for writing or drawing. Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity that had to be periodically recharged by dipping the tip of the pen into an inkwell. Today, such pens find only a small number of specialized uses, such as in illustration and calligraphy. Reed pens, quill pens and dip pens, which were used for writing, have been replaced by ballpoint pens, rollerball pens, fountain pens and felt or ceramic tip pens. Ruling pens, which were used for technical drawing and cartography, have been replaced by technical pens such as the Rapidograph. All of these modern pens contain internal ink reservoirs, such that they do not need to be dipped in ink while writing.
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala was a Croatian engineer and inventor of Dutch-Polish descent.
The following products could be described as hallmarks of Croatian trade. Croatiastreet awards its own quality seal to the best Croatian products every year. Croatian Chamber of Economy confers the Izvorno hrvatsko seal to Croatian products and services that undergo rigorous assessments to be recognised as a result of innovation, research and development by Croatian people and enterprises.
Ožujsko, also known and marketed as Žuja, is a Croatian brand of lager beer (5%). It is the flagship brand produced by Zagrebačka pivovara, the biggest brewery in the country which is a part of Molson Coors Brewing Company since 2013.
Zagrebačka pivovara was founded in 1892, when brewers from the Upper Town of Zagreb, Croatia realized they were not able to produce enough beer for the ever-growing and developing city. It was the first industrial brewery in Croatia. Today, it is the largest beer manufacturer in Croatia, holding 44% of the market in 2017.
Berol is a former British stationery manufacturing company, based in Lichfield. The company, established in 1845, manufactured a wide range of products including writing implements and art materials. In 1995 it was acquired by Sanford L.P., a division of Newell Brands, becoming a subsidiary of it until the last factory closed in 2010. Since then, Berol survived as a brand of imported products.
Dragutin Karlo Novak was the first person in what is now Croatia to make a heavier-than-air flight by flying a plane constructed by Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, June 22, 1910.
A.T. Cross Company, LLC is an American manufacturing company of writing implements, based in Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1846, it is one of the oldest pen manufacturers in the world. Cross' products include fountain, ballpoint, and rollerball pens, mechanical pencils and refills. The company also manufactures accessories for those goods such as cases and wallets.
TŽV Gredelj is a state-owned Croatian rolling stock company founded in 1894 as the railway workshops of the Hungarian State Railways.
Cedevita d.o.o. is a Croatian company which produces a wide range of teas, instant drinks, and dietetic products. A notable owner of the company was the Croatian pharmaceutical company Pliva d.d. Since 2001 Cedevita has been part of the Atlantic Grupa.
Hönigsberg & Deutsch was an architecture studio and construction company formed in Zagreb by architects Leo Hönigsberg and Julio Deutsch, active between 1889 and 1911. They produced over 90 known works in the Lower Town area of Zagreb, built during the redevelopment in the years following the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. The majority of these were residential houses, but they also designed manufacturing plants, synagogues and public institution buildings.
Ivica Todorić is a Croatian businessman. Until June 2017, he was the owner and chairman of the board of Agrokor, the largest privately owned company in Croatia. The operations of Agrokor are focused on two core businesses: manufacturing of food and drinks, and retail.
Events from the year 1911 in Croatia.
Maped is an independent, French, and family-owned brand in school supplies and accessories. Founded in 1947 in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France, Maped is now present in 125 countries with 20 affiliates in the scissors, pencil and eraser markets. Its capital is €5,155,000 and 50% of the company's turnover is generated outside Europe. Maped creates and manufactures school, writing and office supplies as well as fun and playful activity kits and nomad food containers. Present in various sectors Maped owns 8 different brands: Maped, Maped Office, Maped Picnik, Maped Creativ, Maped Color’Peps, Joustra, Helit and Helix.
Edmund Moster was a Croatian Jewish entrepreneur, industrialist, inventor and co-founder of the "Penkala-Moster Company" in Zagreb.
Vindija is Croatian food company based in Varaždin. Vindija is mainly known for its dairy products and beverages.
The automotive industry in Croatia employs about 10,000 people in over 130 companies. AD Klaster, members of the Croatian Association of Automotive Parts Manufacturers at the Industry sector of the Croatian chamber of economy employs about 6000 employees and generates profit of about US$600 million. There are also other companies which are not a part of AD Klaster, like AVL, Cetitec, Saint Jean Industries, König metal, Lipik Glas, Nexus, Yazaki, LTH, Multinorm, Institut RT-RK, Galo industries, and others.
Petar Dragan Turković, titled Baron Petar Dragan Turković of Kutjevo, was a Croatian businessman and nobleman from the Turković Kutjevski family.
Zvijezda is a Croatian edible oil manufacturing and processing company headquartered in Zagreb. It is owned by the Fortenova Group.
Penkala-Edmund Moster & Co., later as Penkala tvornica d. d., was a stationery manufacturing company that was based in Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within Austria-Hungary. It was formally founded in 1911 by the industrialist Edmund Moster and inventor Slavoljub Penkala, although a smaller workshop already existed since 1907. It manufactured mechanical pencils, fountain pens and other writing implements, including ink, much of it based on Penkala's patents. At one point, it was one of the largest stationery producers in the world, exporting its products to over 70 different countries. In addition to Zagreb, it also had factories in Berlin, Germany, where it employed around 800 people, and Lepoglava. The company ceased production in 1937, and was liquidated in 1939.
