1st Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia
Mid-19th century ([[Leiden University]])\n"},"office":{"wt":"[[List of Kapitan Cina|Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia]]"},"term_start":{"wt":"1829"},"term_end":{"wt":"1837"},"predecessor":{"wt":"[[Ko Tiang Tjong|Kapitein Ko Tiang Tjong]]"},"successor":{"wt":"Elevation to Majoor der Chinezen"},"constituency":{"wt":"Batavia\n"},"office2":{"wt":"[[List of Kapitan Cina|Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia]]"},"term_start2":{"wt":"1837"},"term_end2":{"wt":"1865"},"predecessor2":{"wt":"New creation"},"successor2":{"wt":"[[Tan Tjoen Tiat|Majoor Tan Tjoen Tiat]]"},"constituency2":{"wt":"Batavia\n"},"office3":{"wt":""},"term_start3":{"wt":""},"term_end3":{"wt":""},"predecessor3":{"wt":""},"successor3":{"wt":""},"constituency3":{"wt":""},"birth_date":{"wt":"{{circa|1802}}"},"birth_place":{"wt":"[[Batavia,Dutch East Indies|Batavia]],[[Dutch East Indies]]"},"death_date":{"wt":"17 September 1872"},"death_place":{"wt":"[[Tambora,Jakarta|Patoakan]],Batavia,Dutch East Indies"},"death_cause":{"wt":""},"education":{"wt":""},"alma_mater":{"wt":""},"party":{"wt":""},"occupation":{"wt":"[[Kapitan Cina|Majoor der Chinezen]],[[Scholar-official|bureaucrat]]"},"majority":{"wt":""},"parents":{"wt":"[[Tan Peeng Ko|Kapitein Tan Peeng Ko]] (father)"},"spouse":{"wt":"[[Lie Pien Nio]]"},"children":{"wt":"[[Tan Soe Tjong|Kapitein Tan Soe Tjong]] (son)
[[Tan Bit Nio]] (daughter)"},"relations":{"wt":"[[Lim Soe Keng Sia]] (son-in-law)
[[Tan Jap Long|Kapitein Tan Jap Long]] (uncle)
[[Tan Liok Tiauw]] (great-grandson)"},"awards":{"wt":""},"website":{"wt":""},"footnotes":{"wt":""},"module":{"wt":"{{Infobox Chinese\n| child = yes\n| c={{linktext|陳|永|元}}\n| p=Chén Yǒng Yuán \n| gr=Chern Yeong Yuan\n| bpmf=ㄔㄣˊㄩㄥˇㄩㄢˊ\n| poj=Tân Éng Goân\n| showflag=poj}}"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwAg">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}
Tan Eng Goan, 1st Majoor der Chinezen (Chinese :陳永元; Pe̍h-ōe-jī :Tân Éng Goân; 1802 – 17 September 1872) was a high-ranking bureaucrat who served as the first Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia (now Jakarta), capital of colonial Indonesia. [1] [2] [3] This was the highest-ranking Chinese position in the civil administration of the Dutch East Indies. [2]
Born in 1802, Majoor Tan Eng Goan came from an old family of the Cabang Atas aristocracy of colonial Indonesia. [4] [3] [5] [6] Many members of his family served as Chinese officers, part of the civil administration of the Dutch colonial government. [2] [3] He was the son of Kapitein Tan Peeng Ko (Luitenant in Batavia from 1792 to 1809 and Kapitein from 1809 to 1812), and a nephew of Kapitein Tan Jap Long (appointed Luitenant in 1810, and Kapitein in 1811). [6] [3] [5] Both Tan's father and uncle thus served as Chinese headmen and presided over the Chinese Council of Batavia. [3]
Tan was married at least four times, including to his first wife, Lie Pien Nio, a niece of Lie Tieuw Kong, who had succeeded Tan's father and uncle as Kapitein and chairman of the Chinese Council. [3] Tan's uncle-in-law held office from 1812 until 1821. [3]
As the issue of Chinese officers, Tan Eng Goan bore the hereditary title 'Sia' from birth until his elevation to the rank of a Luitenant on 15 February 1827. [3] This promotion was made by Léonard Pierre Joseph, Viscount du Bus de Gisignies, the recently-appointed 8th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies; and was duly noted in a sitting of the Chinese Council on 9 March 1827. [3]
In 1829, when the presiding Chinese headman Ko Tiang Tjong was forced to resign from the post of Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia, Tan - despite only having held the briefest tenure of all sitting officers - was appointed to the Chinese Captaincy. [3] In so doing, he became the head of the Chinese community in Batavia in succession to his father, uncle and uncle-in-law. [2] At that time in Batavia, the post of Kapitein der Chinezen was the highest-ranking Chinese position in the colonial administration. [2]
On 21 September 1837, Kapitein Tan Eng Goan was further raised to the newly created post of Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia by Dominique Jacques de Eerens, the 11th Governor-General. Tan's two Luitenants, Oey Eng Liok and Jap Soan Kong, were both elevated a year later to the higher rank of Kapitein. [3] As Kapitein, then as Majoor, Tan was also the ex officio Chairman of the Chinese Council of Batavia (Dutch: Chinese Raad; Malay: Kong Koan), the highest Chinese governmental body in the colony. [2]
The Majoor's family owned the particuliere landen or private domains of Kramat, Kapoek, Tandjoeng Boeroeng and Rawa Kidang in Tangerang. [1] [2] From 1848 until 1862, Majoor Tan Eng Goan also held a series of pachts or revenue farms over such diverse things as arak, rum, tobacco and wayang. [3] Despite his landed wealth and revenue farms, Tan's income fell short of the exalted style of living expected of a Chinese officer. [7] [2]
In the late 1820s, Kapitein Tan Eng Goan initiated an annual pasar malam , or night market, held in Batavia three days prior to Lunar New Year. [8] [9] This was among the earliest and biggest of Batavia's organized night markets, and served as a prototype for similar and later markets elsewhere. [8] [9]
Tan's tenure as a Chinese officer was affected by his declining family finances, which forced him to patronise Batavia's foremost tobacco magnate, Oey Thai Lo. [2] In return for Oey's financial support, Tan recommended the nouveau riche Oey for an elevation to the purely honorary rank of Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen, which gave the tobacco tycoon the respectability he craved.
Tan's debt and financial reliance on Oey, however, prevented him from acting with authority when restraining the wayward and disrespectful behaviour of the latter' son, the notorious playboy Oey Tamba Sia (1827-1856). [7] [2] Oey Tamba Sia eventually developed an intense rivalry with the Majoor's son-in-law, Lim Soe Keng Sia, with eventually murderous consequences. [7]
The younger Oey masterminded a series of murders, and unsuccessfully attempted to implicate Lim in these crimes. [7] Although Lim was acquitted, his rival Oey - a wealthy member of the city's Chinese establishment - was found guilty and executed by public hanging in 1856. [7] The scandal severely damaged the standing and authority of the Majoor in the eyes of the Chinese community. [7] Even Tan's immediate subordinates in the Chinese Council, notably Kapitein Tan Tjoen Tiat and Luitenant The Kim Houw, were disappointed in the Majoor's meek handling of the case of Oey Tamba Sia. [2]
The Majoor's financial situation further deteriorated after the Oey case, which led him to sell the estates of Kramat and Kapoek in the 1860s to his eventual successor, Kapitein Tan Tjoen Tiat. [2]
Majoor Tan Eng Goan served in office until 1865, when, due to his old age and fragile health, he requested and was granted an honourable discharge from his duties by the colonial authorities. [3] He also attempted without success to secure the succession of his adoptive son, Kapitein Tan Soe Tjong, to the Chinese Mayoralty. [3]
The former Majoor was allowed to retain his title on an honorary basis following his resignation. [3] Given Tan's long service and precarious finances, the colonial government further awarded him a pension of 150 guilders per month. [2]
Majoor Tan Eng Goan died on 17 September 1872 in Patoakan, Batavia, and was buried in Slipi. [3] His adoptive son, Kapitein Tan Soe Tjong had predeceased him the previous year, on 20 June 1871. [3] Majoor Tan Eng Goan also had a daughter, Tan Bit Nio, who was married to Lim Soe Keng Sia. [7] Through them, the Majoor was a grandfather of Lim Hong Nio and a great-grandfather of the prominent landlord and community leader Tan Liok Tiauw (1872 - 1947). [10]
Tan is remembered today as the first sitting Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia, arguably the most important Chinese officership in colonial Indonesia. [2] In office for some 37 years as Kapitein, then Majoor, Tan was also the longest-serving head of the Chinese Council and of the Chinese community of Batavia. [2] [3]
Majoor Tan Eng Goan is also remembered today for his poor handling of the case of Oey Tamba Sia. Oey's murderous rivalry with the Majoor's son-in-law, Lim Soe Keng Sia, became part of Jakarta folklore, and formed the basis of many literary works in Malay, including Thio Tjin Boen's Tambahsia: Soewatoe tjerita jang betoel soedah kedjadian di Betawi antara tahoen 1851-1856 (published in 1903) and Tjoa Boan Soeij's Sair swatoe tjeritajang betoel soeda kedjadian di Tanah Betawi dari halnja Oeij Tambah Sia, tatkalah Sri Padoeka toean besar Duymaer van Twist mendjabat Gouverneur General koetika tahoen 1851 (published in 1906) and Tambah Sia (published in 1922). [11] [12]
As recently as 2013, the saga of the Majoor, his son-in-law and their rivalry with Oey provided part of the inspiration for Atilah Soeryadjaya's musical, Ariah. [13]
Kapitan Cina, also spelled Kapitan China or Capitan China, was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively.
Khouw Kim An, 5th Majoor der Chinezen was a high-ranking Chinese Indonesian bureaucrat, public figure and landlord who served as the fifth and last Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia, Dutch East Indies. The Chinese Mayoralty was the highest-ranking, Chinese government position in the East Indies with considerable political and judicial jurisdiction over the colony's Chinese subjects. The Batavian Mayoralty was one of the oldest public institutions in the Dutch colonial empire, perhaps second only in antiquity to the viceregal post of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.
Khouw Oen Giok Sia, later more popularly known as Oen Giok Khouw or O. G. Khouw, was a philanthropist and landowner in the Dutch East Indies. He gained notoriety for acquiring Dutch citizenship, thus breaking down the race barriers of colonial society. Today, he is best remembered for his extravagant mausoleum in Petamburan, Jakarta.
Oey Tamba Sia, also spelt Oeij Tambah Sia, or often mistakenly Oey Tambahsia, was a rich, Chinese-Indonesian playboy hanged by the Dutch colonial government due to his involvement in a number of murder cases in Batavia, now Jakarta, capital of colonial Indonesia. His life has become part of Jakarta folklore, and inspired numerous literary works.
Sia was a hereditary, noble title of Chinese origin, used mostly in colonial Indonesia. It was borne by the descendants of Chinese officers, who were high-ranking, Chinese civil bureaucrats in the Dutch colonial government, bearing the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein or Luitenant der Chinezen.
Lie Tjoe Hong, 3rd Majoor der Chinezen was a Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat who served as the third Majoor der Chinezen, or Chinese headman, of Batavia, now Jakarta, capital of Indonesia. This was the most senior Chinese position in the colonial civil bureaucracy of the Dutch East Indies. As Majoor, Lie was also the Chairman of the Chinese Council of Batavia, the city's highest Chinese government body.
Tan Liok Tiauw Sia was a prominent Chinese-Indonesian landowner, planter and industrial pioneer in the late colonial period, best known today as the last Landheer of Batoe-Tjepper, now the district of Batuceper.
The Cabang Atas — literally 'highest branch' in Indonesian — was the traditional Chinese establishment or gentry of colonial Indonesia. They were the families and descendants of the Chinese officers, high-ranking colonial civil bureaucrats with the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen. They were referred to as the baba bangsawan [‘Chinese gentry’] in Indonesian, and the ba-poco in Java Hokkien.
Tan Tjoen Tiat, 2nd Majoor der Chinezen was a Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat who served as the second Majoor der Chinezen, or Chinese headman, of Batavia, now Jakarta, capital of Indonesia. This was the most senior Chinese position in the colonial civil bureaucracy of the Dutch East Indies. As Majoor, Tan was also the Chairman of the Chinese Council of Batavia, the city's highest Chinese government body.
Letnan Cina Oey Thai Lo was a notable Chinese-Indonesian tycoon who acted as a pachter for tobacco in the early 19th century.
Lim Soe Keng Sia (1819–1883), also known as Liem Soe King Sia, Soe King Sia or Lim Soukeng Sia, was a prominent Pachter, or revenue farmer, in Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies, best known for his rivalry with the notorious Betawi playboy Oey Tamba Sia. He acted as administrator of the 'Ngo Ho Tjiang' Kongsi, the most influential consortium of opium monopolists in early to mid-19th century Batavia.
The Kwee family of Ciledug was an influential bureaucratic and business dynasty of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of the Dutch East Indies. From the mid-nineteenth until the mid-twentieth century, they featured prominently in the colonial bureaucracy of Java as Chinese officers, and played an important role in the sugar industry. Like many in the Cabang Atas, they were pioneering, early adopters of European education and modernity in colonial Indonesia. During the Indonesian Revolution, they also hosted most of the negotiations leading to the Linggadjati Agreement of 1946.
The Tan family of Cirebon was an influential family of government officials, sugar barons and landowners in the Dutch East Indies, particularly in the Residency of Cirebon. The preeminent and oldest family of the ‘Cabang Atas’ gentry in Cirebon all through the 19th and early 20th century, their most well-known member today is Tan Tjin Kie, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen.
Tan Tjin Kie, Majoor-titulair der Chinezen was a high-ranking bureaucrat, courtier, sugar baron and head of the prominent Tan family of Cirebon, part of the ‘Cabang Atas’ or Chinese gentry of the Dutch East Indies. He is best remembered today for his lavish, 40-day-long funeral ceremony of 1919, reputedly the most expensive ever held in Java.
The Ngo Ho TjiangKongsi, sometimes spelled Ngo Houw Tjiang, was a powerful consortium that dominated the opium pacht or tax farm of the Residency of Batavia, Dutch East Indies in the early to mid-nineteenth century. The pacht was an outsourced tax operation, collecting customs, excise and indirect duties on behalf of the Dutch colonial government.
Oey Giok Koen, Kapitein der Chinezen was a Chinese-Indonesian public figure, bureaucrat and Landheer, best known for his role as Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang and Meester Cornelis, and as one of the richest landowners in the Dutch East Indies. As Kapitein, he headed the local Chinese civil administration in Tangerang and Meester Cornelis as part of the Dutch colonial system of 'indirect rule'. In 1893, he bought the particuliere landen or private domains of Tigaraksa and Pondok Kosambi.
Oey Khe Tay, Kapitein der Chinezen was a Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat and landlord, best known for his role as Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang and Landheer of Karawatji. In the former capacity, he acted as the head of the Chinese civil administration in Tangerang as part of the Dutch colonial system of ‘indirect rule’.
Tan Tiang Po, Luitenant der Chinezen, also spelled Tan Tjeng Po, was a colonial Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat, landowner, philanthropist and the penultimate Landheer (landlord) of the domain of Batoe-Tjepper in the Dutch East Indies.
Oey Liauw Kong, Kapitein der Chinezen (1799–1865) was a Chinese-Indonesian high official, Landheer (landlord) and head of the Oey family of Kemiri, part of the 'Tjabang Atas' or Peranakan gentry. He was also the owner of the 18th-century Baroque mansion and Jakarta landmark, Toko Merah.
{{cite news}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help)Majoor Tan Eng Goan | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia | |||||||||||||||
In office 1829–1837 | |||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Kapitein Ko Tiang Tjong | ||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Elevation to Majoor der Chinezen | ||||||||||||||
Constituency | Batavia | ||||||||||||||
Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia | |||||||||||||||
In office 1837–1865 | |||||||||||||||
Preceded by | New creation | ||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Majoor Tan Tjoen Tiat | ||||||||||||||
Constituency | Batavia | ||||||||||||||
Personal details | |||||||||||||||
Born | c. 1802 Batavia,Dutch East Indies | ||||||||||||||
Died | 17 September 1872 Patoakan,Batavia,Dutch East Indies | ||||||||||||||
Spouse | Lie Pien Nio | ||||||||||||||
Relations | Lim Soe Keng Sia (son-in-law) Kapitein Tan Jap Long (uncle) Tan Liok Tiauw (great-grandson) | ||||||||||||||
Children | Kapitein Tan Soe Tjong (son) Tan Bit Nio (daughter) | ||||||||||||||
Parent | Kapitein Tan Peeng Ko (father) | ||||||||||||||
Occupation | Majoor der Chinezen,bureaucrat | ||||||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
Chinese | 陳 永 元 | ||||||||||||||
Hokkien POJ | Tân Éng Goân | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||