Tandy's sand frog | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Pyxicephalidae |
Genus: | Tomopterna |
Species: | T. tandyi |
Binomial name | |
Tomopterna tandyi | |
Tandy's sand frog (Tomopterna tandyi) is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. [3] [4] It is found in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, and south-western Angola, and from inland Tanzania and Kenya. It probably occurs more widely within and between these two disjunct areas. [1] [3] The specific name tandyi honours Robert Mills Tandy, an American biologist, herpetologist, and photographer [5] and the collector of the type material. [2]
This species is a tetraploid that probably originated as a hybrid between Tomopterna cryptotis and Tomopterna delalandii . It is not possible to distinguish it morphologically from these two species, and many distributional records do not separate between T. tandyi and T. cryptotis. [1] [3]
The holotype, an adult male, measures 38 mm (1.5 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is visible. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are partially webbed. The dorsum has patches of grey or olive on lighter background. The dorsal warts are reddish brown with black marks. Many individuals have a dark interocular bar. [2]
The male advertisement call is a series of continuously repeated notes. The call rate is about 7–8 notes per second and the emphasized frequency about 2700–2800 Hz. The call is distinct from T. delalandii and T. cryptotis. [2]
Tandy's sand frog occurs in dry savanna, bush land, and grassland at elevations below 1,800 m (5,900 ft). It can often be found in agricultural areas and is associated with loose sandy soils where pans form. Breeding takes place in ephemeral shallow water, ditches, streams, and dams, [1] after individuals emerge from burrows at the start of the rainy season. The eggs are deposited in pools formed by rainfall, and the tadpoles develop in these. [4]
It is an adaptable species that is locally common in parts of its range. It is unlikely to face more than localized threats. It is probably occurs in many protected areas. [1]
Tomopterna is a genus of frogs from sub-Saharan Africa.
Arthroleptis vercammeni, also known as the Mwana screeching frog or Vercammen's squeaker, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and is only known from its type locality at Mwana in Mwenga Territory, South Kivu province. The specific name vercammeni honours Paul-Henry Vercammen-Grandjean, entomologist and virologist from France/Belgium.
Astylosternus montanus, also known as the mountain night frog or montane night frog, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is found in the mountains of western Cameroon and into the Obudu Plateau in adjacent southeastern Nigeria.
Werneria tandyi, also known as Tandy's torrent toad or Tandy's smalltongue toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to western Cameroon and known from Mount Manengouba and from the Rumpi Hills. The specific name tandyi honours Robert Mills Tandy, biologist, herpetologist, and wildlife photographer.
Hyperolius kuligae is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in southwestern Cameroon, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea and eastward to the central Democratic Republic of the Congo; it probably occurs in northern Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic too. It is also reported from Uganda, but the status of this population is unclear. The specific name kuligae honours Paul Kuliga (1878–1948), a physician who joined an expedition to Cameroon in 1936. Common names Camp Kivu reed frog and Kuliga reed frog have been proposed for it.
Hyperolius parallelus, also known as the Angolan reed frog, is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in Southern and Central Africa. It is part of the so-called Hyperolius viridiflavus species complex and has a complex history of taxonomic treatments.
Hyperolius schoutedeni is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is known from the northern half of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, central-west and southeastern Republic of the Congo, and southeastern Gabon; its true range probably extends into the adjacent Central African Republic and South Sudan. It is morphologically very similar to Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris and has been confused with that species. However, molecular data suggests that its closest relatives include Hyperolius kivuensis, Hyperolius balfouri, and Hyperolius quinquevittatus, rather than H. cinnamomeoventris.
Phrynobatrachus tokba is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is found in West Africa from Ghana westward to Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau. Common names Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and—when referring to the formerly recognized Phrynobatrachus alticola, forest river frog—have been proposed for it.
Poyntonia, is a monotypic frog genus in the family Pyxicephalidae. It was named after J.C. Poynton, a notable herpetologist who worked in southern Africa.
Amietia delalandii, also known as the Delalande's river frog, the Drakensberg frog, Drakensberg river frog, or Sani Pass frog, is a species of southern African river frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is found in Lesotho, South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and possibly Zambia. It is the sister species to A. vertebralis.
Amietia vertebralis, also known as Maluti river frog, aquatic river frog, ice frog, large-mouthed frog, or water frog, is a species of frogs in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is an aquatic high-altitude species found in Lesotho and neighbouring South Africa.
The common sand frog is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae It is found in dryer (xeric) regions in sub-Saharan Africa. However, it is likely a cryptic species complex, and the distribution of the nominal Tomopterna cryptotis is poorly known. IUCN list the following countries: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, and Guinea.
Tomopterna ahli, commonly known as the Damaraland sand frog or Damara sand frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is found in central to north-western Namibia and southwestern Angola.
Delalande's sand frog, also known as Delalande's frog, Cape sand frog, or striped pixie, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to western and southern South Africa and occurs in the low-lying areas of Namaqualand, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape as far east as Cape St. Francis.
The knocking sand frog, also known as sandveld pyxie or Kruger burrowing frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is found in southern Angola, Namibia, Botswana, southern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, northern South Africa, and Swaziland. This species was discovered during the evening of 23 October 1973 in South Africa's Kruger National Park. Two weeks after heavy rain fell in the area, large numbers were found around the Machayi and Mathlakuza Pans in the northeastern part of the Park near the Mozambican frontier.
Tomopterna luganga is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to central Tanzania where it is widespread. However, because the limits of its distribution are not well-mapped and suitable habitat extends to Kenya, it is possible that its range extends to that country. Common name red sand frog has been coined for it.
The marbled sand frog is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae that is native to East and southern Africa.
Chiromantis kelleri is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is found in eastern and southern Ethiopia, northern Kenya, and Somalia; its range probably extends into South Sudan. The specific name kelleri honours Conrad Keller who collected the type series. Common name Keller's foam-nest frog has been proposed for it.
Chiromantis petersii is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania and is broadly distributed in the inland areas of both countries. Chiromantis kelleri was previously considered subspecies of Chiromantis petersii, but is currently recognized as a distinct species. These two species are sympatric in northern Kenya.