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A halophile is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.
Streptococcus salivarius is a species of spherical, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria that is both catalase and oxidase negative. S. salivarius colonizes the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless in most circumstances. The bacterium is considered an opportunistic pathogen, rarely finding its way into the bloodstream, where it has been implicated in cases of sepsis in people with neutropenia,.
Pediococcus is a genus of gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae. They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera Aerococcus and Tetragenococcus. They are purely homofermentative.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a species of lactic acid bacteria associated with fermentation, under conditions of salinity and low temperatures. In some cases of vegetable and food storage, it was associated with pathogenicity. L. mesenteroides is approximately 0.5-0.7 μm in diameter and has a length of 0.7-1.2 μm, producing small grayish colonies that are typically less than 1.0 mm in diameter. It is facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporogenous, and spherical. It often forms lenticular coccoid cells in pairs and chains, however, it can occasionally form short rods with rounded ends in long chains, as its shape can differ depending on what media the species is grown on. L. mesenteroides grows best at 30 °C, but can survive in temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C. Its optimum pH is 5.5, but can still show growth in pH of 4.5-7.0.
Pediococcus damnosus is a species of Gram-positive bacteria. The genus Pediococcus is a spherical cocci shaped bacteria with nonmotile, non spore-forming and homofermentative properties. P. damnosus is a chemo-organotrophic, catalase negative, facultative anaerobe. Strains of this species frequently grow in wine and beer, where they overproduce glucan and spoil products by increasing their viscosity. P. damnosus is a lactic acid bacteria (LAB), that can tolerate the low pH and higher ethanol levels that are found in beer. The ability to grow in beer is a strain specific characteristic of the species P. damnosus. Pediococcus damnosus LMG 28219 is a lactic acid bacterium that has proved to be capable of growing in beer.
Arcobacter halophilus is a species of obligate halophilic bacteria. It is Gram-negative, and its type strain is LA31BT(=ATCC BAA-1022T =CIP 108450T).
Tetragenococcus muriaticus is a species of moderately halophilic lactic acid, histamine-producing bacteria. X-1 is the type strain of this species.
Desulfovibrio bastinii is a moderately halophilic bacteria. It is sulfate-reducing, mesophilic and motile. Its type strain is SRL4225T.
Desulfovibrio gracilis is a moderately halophilic bacteria. It is sulfate-reducing, mesophilic and motile. Its type strain is SRL6146T.
Aestuariibacter halophilus is a gram-negative, strictly aerobic, halophilic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of motile Aestuariibacter with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from the Ganghwa island in Korea.
Desulfovibrio halophilus is a halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium.
Psychroflexus tropicus is an obligately halophilic Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides group bacterium. It is Gram-negative, fine rod- to short filament-shaped, with type strain LA1T.
Bifidobacterium ruminantium is a bacterium found in bovine rumens.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii is a species of bacteria in the family Lactobacillaceae. It is part of the microbiota of the lower reproductive tract of women.
Egicoccus halophilus is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus Egicoccus which has been isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Xinjiang in China.
Aquibacillus albus is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Aquibacillus which has been isolated from the Lop Nur lake from Xinjiang in China.
Fictibacillus halophilus is a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Fictibacillus which has been isolated from microbial mat from a hot spring in Manikaran in India.
Halolactibacillus halophilus is a non-spore-forming, halophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium from the genus of Halolactibacillus which has been isolated from algae from the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan.
Ornithinibacillus halophilus is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Ornithinibacillus which has been isolated from brine from the Aran-Bidgol Salt Lake in Iran.
Salinicoccus kunmingensis is a standard gram-positive bacteria in the genus Salinicoccus and Staphylococcaceae family. It is moderaly halophilic growing in 0.5-25% NaCl solution, with an optimum at 8-10% NaCl solution.
References
- ↑ Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley (2002). The Prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria. Springer. ISBN 0-387-33488-2.
- ↑ Somboon Tanasupawat; Jaruwan Thongsanit; Sanae Okada; Kazuo Komagata (June 18, 2002). "Lactic acid bacteria isolated from soy sauce mash in Thailand". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 48 (4). The Microbiology Research Foundation: 201–209. doi: 10.2323/jgam.48.201 . ISSN 0022-1260. PMID 12469319 . Retrieved March 20, 2011.
- ↑ Marcello Villar; Aida P. De Ruiz Holgado; Jorge J. Sanchez; Raul E. Trucco & Guillermo Oliver (1985). "Isolation and Characterization of Pediococcus halophilus from Salted Anchovies (Engraulis anchoita)". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 49 (3). American Society for Microbiology: 664–6. Bibcode:1985ApEnM..49..664V. doi:10.1128/aem.49.3.664-666.1985. PMC 373567 . PMID 3994370.
- ↑ I. Nishimura; T. Igarashi; T. Enomoto; Y. Dake; Y. Okuno & A. Obata (2009). "Clinical efficacy of halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus Th221 from soy sauce moromi for perennial allergic rhinitis". Allergol Int. 58 (2). Research & Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation: 179–85. doi: 10.2332/allergolint.O-08-548 . PMID 19240374.
