The Ballad of Ira Hayes

Last updated

"The Ballad of Ira Hayes" is a song written by folk singer Peter La Farge. Its words tell the story of Ira Hayes, one of the six marines who became famous for having raised the U.S. flag on Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. [1]

Contents

Content

Hayes was depicted on the Iwo Jima Memorial as one of 6 men raising the U.S. flag on Iwo Jima 2015 Marine Corps Marathon 151025-M-UF322-402.jpg
Hayes was depicted on the Iwo Jima Memorial as one of 6 men raising the U.S. flag on Iwo Jima

In the song, La Farge introduces the Pima Indians, a tribe that occupied an oasis in the Arizona desert. He then claims that when the U.S. started settling the area in the late 19th century, "the white men stole their water rights and the sparkling water stopped," plunging the tribe into poverty. The song then introduces Hayes, who volunteers for the U.S. Marine Corps (forgetting, in La Farge's words, "the white man's greed") and participates in the raising of the flag on Iwo Jima.

When Hayes returns home, he faces discomfort and hostility. Even Americans' attempts to honor Hayes are treated with contempt in La Farge's lyrics ("they let him raise the flag and lower it, like you'd throw a dog a bone."). Rejected by even his own people ("back home, nobody cared what Ira'd done, and when do the Indians dance"), Ira descends into alcoholism and dies drunk in a ditch. La Farge again uses Hayes's death to call attention to the Pimas' current plight: "but his land is just as dry(!)" [2]

Recordings

"The Ballad of Ira Hayes"
Single by Johnny Cash
B-side "Bad News"
Released1964
Recorded1964
Genre
Length4:09
Label Columbia
Songwriter(s) Peter La Farge

The song has been recorded many times. The most popular version is by Johnny Cash, which he recorded for the Bitter Tears concept album (containing mostly La Farge compositions) and reached number three on the Billboard Country Singles chart in 1964. Patrick Sky covered it on his self-titled 1965 debut album (and later for a 1985 album). Hamilton Camp included the song on his 1969 album, Welcome to Hamilton Camp.

Pete Seeger covered the song on his 1963 album Broadside Ballads Volume 2. [4]

Patrick Sky covered the song on his eponymous 1965 debut album.

Townes Van Zandt covered this song at Carnegie Hall in 1969, during a rare television appearance, and at The Whole Coffeehouse, University of Minnesota Campus, November 9, 1973.

Smiley Bates covered the song on his 1971 album Songs of Life.

Bob Dylan followed suit by covering the song during his sessions for Self Portrait (released in 1970), though his version did not see release until Columbia used it as part of the Dylan album of 1973. On November 16, 1975, Dylan performed the song live at the Tuscarora Reservation, and this rendition appears on the 2019 box set The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings and in the 2019 film Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese .

Czech country group Zelenáči (also known as Greenhorns) covered the song on their 1974 album “Písně větru z hor”. The Czech title is a direct translation of the English title, “Balada o Ira Hayesovi”.

Kinky Friedman did a cover of the song on his 1976 record Lasso from El Paso .

The song was also covered by Hazel Dickens on her 1983 bluegrass album From the Sweat of my Brow.

Kris Kristofferson sings the song on a tribute remake of Bitter Tears, released in 2014.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sacaton, Arizona</span> CDP in Pinal County, Arizona

Sacaton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pinal County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,254 at the 2020 census. It is the capital of the Gila River Indian Community.

<i>Sands of Iwo Jima</i> 1949 film

Sands of Iwo Jima is a 1949 war film starring John Wayne that follows a group of United States Marines from training to the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II. The film, which also features John Agar, Adele Mara and Forrest Tucker, was written by Harry Brown and James Edward Grant, and directed by Allan Dwan. The picture was a Republic Pictures production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ira Hayes</span> US Marine Corps corporal (1923–1955)

Ira Hamilton Hayes was an Akimel O'odham Indigenous American and a United States Marine during World War II. Hayes was an enrolled member of the Gila River Indian Community, located in Pinal and Maricopa counties in Arizona. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve on August 26, 1942, and, after recruit training, volunteered to become a Paramarine. He fought in the Bougainville and Iwo Jima campaigns in the Pacific War.

<i>Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima</i> 1945 photograph by Joe Rosenthal

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima is an iconic photograph of six United States Marines raising the U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in the final stages of the Pacific War. Taken by Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press on February 23, 1945, the photograph was published in Sunday newspapers two days later and reprinted in thousands of publications. It won the 1945 Pulitzer Prize for Photography and has come to be regarded in the United States as one of the most recognizable images of World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rene Gagnon</span> United States Marine

René Arthur Gagnon was a United States Marine Corps corporal who participated in the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Bradley (United States Navy)</span> United States Navy corpsman

John Henry "Jack" "Doc" Bradley was a United States Navy Hospital corpsman who was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism while serving with the Marines during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. During the battle, he was a member of the patrol that captured the top of Mount Suribachi and raised the first U.S. flag on Iwo Jima on February 23, 1945.

<i>Dylan</i> (1973 album) 1973 studio album by Bob Dylan

Dylan is the thirteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, which is made up of outtakes he recorded for earlier albums. Columbia Records compiled it with no input from Dylan and released it on November 16, 1973. The album followed the artist's departure from Columbia for Asylum Records, and the announcement of his first major tour since 1966. In Europe the album was re-released in January 1991 with the title Dylan .

"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" is a song written by American musician and Nobel laureate Bob Dylan in the summer of 1962 and recorded later that year for his second studio album, The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963). Its lyrical structure is based on the question-and-answer refrain pattern of the traditional British ballad "Lord Randall", published by Francis Child.

<i>No Direction Home</i> 2005 documentary film by Martin Scorsese

No Direction Home: Bob Dylan is a 2005 documentary film by Martin Scorsese that traces the life of Bob Dylan, and his impact on 20th-century American popular music and culture. The film focuses on the period between Dylan's arrival in New York in January 1961 and his "retirement" from touring following his motorcycle accident in July 1966. This period encapsulates Dylan's rise to fame as a folk singer and songwriter where he became the center of a cultural and musical upheaval, and continues through the electric controversy surrounding his move to a rock style of music.

<i>Flags of Our Fathers</i> (film) 2006 film by Clint Eastwood

Flags of Our Fathers is a 2006 American war drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood and written by William Broyles Jr. and Paul Haggis. It is based on the 2000 book of the same name written by James Bradley and Ron Powers about the 1945 Battle of Iwo Jima, the five Marines and one Navy corpsman who were involved in raising the flag on Iwo Jima, and the after effects of that event on their lives. Taken from the American viewpoint of the Battle of Iwo Jima, the film is a companion piece to Eastwood's Letters from Iwo Jima, which depicts the same battle from the Japanese viewpoint; the two films were shot back to back.

<i>Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden</i> 2002 live album by Johnny Cash

Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002.

Peter La Farge was an American singer–songwriter.

<i>Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian</i> 1964 studio album by Johnny Cash

Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian is a 1964 concept album, the twentieth album released by singer Johnny Cash on Columbia Records. It is one of several Americana records by Cash. This one focuses on the history of Native Americans in the United States and their problems. Cash believed that his ancestry included Cherokee, which partly inspired his work on this recording. The songs in this album address the harsh and unfair treatment of the indigenous peoples of North America by Europeans in the United States. Two deal with 20th-century issues affecting the Seneca and Pima peoples. It was considered controversial and was rejected by some radio stations and fans.

<i>Orange Blossom Special</i> (album) 1965 studio album by Johnny Cash

Orange Blossom Special is the 21st album released by musician Johnny Cash on Columbia Records in 1965. The recordings include country and folk standards, such as "The Long Black Veil", "When It's Springtime in Alaska", "Danny Boy" and "Wildwood Flower".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johnny Cash</span> American country singer (1932–2003)

John R. Cash was an American singer-songwriter. Most of Cash's music contains themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially songs from the later stages of his career. He was known for his deep, calm, bass-baritone voice, the distinctive sound of his backing band, the Tennessee Three, that was characterized by its train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor, and his free prison concerts. Cash wore a trademark all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the nickname "Man in Black".

<i>Lasso from El Paso</i> 1976 studio album by Kinky Friedman

Lasso from El Paso is an album by Kinky Friedman, released in 1976. "Sold American" was recorded live while on tour with Bob Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue. It was Friedman's last album of original material for more than 40 years.

<i>The Outsider</i> (1961 film) 1961 biopic film directed by Delbert Mann

The Outsider is a 1961 biopic film about Ira Hayes, a Native American who fought in World War II in the United States Marine Corps and was one of the Marines who raised the flag on Iwo Jima. The film stars Tony Curtis as Hayes. It was directed by Delbert Mann.

"Mama, You Been on My Mind" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. Written in 1964 during a trip to Europe, the song dealt with his recent breakup with his girlfriend, Suze Rotolo. Dylan first recorded the song in June of that year during a session for his album Another Side of Bob Dylan. However, the song was not included on the album, and Dylan's version remained unreleased until 1991. In total, in the 1990s and 2000s four versions were put out on Dylan's Bootleg Series of releases, including two live performances with Joan Baez from 1964 and 1975.

<i>Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese</i> 2019 film directed by Martin Scorsese

Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese is a 2019 American documentary film, composed of both fictional and non-fictional material, covering Bob Dylan's 1975 Rolling Thunder Revue concert tour. Directed by Martin Scorsese, it is the director's second film on Bob Dylan, following 2005's No Direction Home. The bulk of Rolling Thunder Revue is compiled of outtakes from Dylan's 1978 film Renaldo and Clara, which was filmed in conjunction with the tour.

"Bad News" is a song written by and originally released by John D. Loudermilk, whose version reached #23 on the U.S. Billboard country chart in 1963.

References

  1. Western Writers of America (2010). "The Top 100 Western Songs". American Cowboy. Archived from the original on 19 October 2010.
  2. "Lyrics to "The Ballad of Ira Hayes"". MetroLyrics . Archived from the original on 2017-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. "10 Protest Songs of Johnny Cash". Protest Music Hall of Fame. January 9, 2024. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
  4. Ruhlmann, William. "Broadside Ballads, Vol. 2". AllMusic. Retrieved 2 April 2013.