Formation | 1916 |
---|---|
Type | Business membership and research organization |
Legal status | 501(c)(3) nonprofit |
Headquarters | 845 Third Avenue New York City, United States |
Region | Global; regional offices in New York, Brussels, Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore |
Key people | Steve Odland, President and CEO |
Staff | 300 |
Website | www.conference-board.org |
The Conference Board, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit business membership and research group organization. It counts over 1,000 public and private corporations and other organizations as members, encompassing 60 countries.
The Conference Board convenes conferences and peer-learning groups, conducts economic and business management research, and publishes several widely tracked economic indicators.
The organization was founded in 1916 as the National Industrial Conference Board (NICB). At the time, tensions between labor and management in the United States were seen as potentially explosive in the wake of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 and the Ludlow Massacre in 1914. In 1915 presidents of twelve major corporations in the United States and six leading industry associations met in Yama, New York to formulate the business community's response to continued labor unrest and growing public criticism. [1]
After additional crisis meetings, the National Industrial Conference Board was officially founded on May 5, 1916, at the Hotel Gramatan in Bronxville, New York. [2] Although many of the organizations’ founders—including former AT&T president Frederick P. Fish and General Electric executive Magnus W. Alexander, its first president—had supported the open-shop movement, by 1916 they regarded national unions such as the American Federation of Labor as permanent fixtures of the American economy, and urged negotiation and concord. [3]
When the United States entered World War I in 1917, the National War Labor Board formed by President Woodrow Wilson asked the NICB to formulate plans that would keep war industries running and strife-free. Its recommendations—based on cooperation between representatives of employers, employees, and government—were adopted in full. [2] Though often mistrusted in its early years as an “employers union” funding studies against the labor movement, [4] the non-profit NICB was also seen “as a spokesman for the so-called progressive wing of the business community [and] produced hundreds of research reports on economic and social issues facing the United States.” [3]
Pioneering research published in this period include Woman Workers and Labor Supply, [5] The Eight-Hour Day Defined, [6] U.S. Cost of Living Index, and a series of reports on Workers' Compensation Acts in The United States. [7]
The organization today remains funded by the contributions of members, often Fortune 500 companies. By the 1930s, however, it had already lost most of its character as an industry lobby. Virgil Jordan, a writer and economist who replaced Alexander as president on the latter's death in 1932, established a Bureau of Economic Audit and Control to offer members and the public an independent source of studies on unemployment, pensions, healthcare, and related issues in the midst of the Great Depression, when many questioned the credibility of the government's economic statistics. [2] Unions soon joined the NICB alongside corporations for access to its research, conferences, and executive network.
The organization is considered an unbiased "trusted source for statistics and trends, second only to perhaps the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". [8] After World War II, it expanded to non-U.S. members for the first time. In 1954, it founded The Conference Board of Canada in Montreal, which was spun off as an independent non-profit in 1981. In 1959, its first overseas CEO-level was held in Torquay, England, bringing together executives and board presidents from the US, UK, and Canada.
On January 1, 1970, the National Industrial Conference Board officially changed its name to The Conference Board. This followed the launch in 1967 of the U.S. Consumer Confidence Index , a monthly survey of households that remains its flagship economic indicator. In 1976, it added the Measure of CEO Confidence, which tracks the attitudes of chief executives regarding economic conditions overall and within their industry.
In 1996, the US Department of Commerce selected The Conference Board to produce and distribute the US leading economic indicator series.
In 2002, after an epidemic of business scandals, The Conference Board Commission on Public Trust and Private Enterprise was convened. Composed of leaders from both the private and the public sectors, the Commission published a report with recommendations for best practices in corporate governance. [9]
In 2006, The Conference Board established its China Center for Economic and Business in Beijing as a resource for senior executives of multinational companies. [10]
In 2015, the Committee for Economic Development (CED) merged with The Conference Board as its US public-policy center. [11]
Today, The Conference Board has offices in New York, Brussels, Beijing, Hong Kong, and Singapore. [ citation needed ]
The Conference Board produces research, convenes conferences, and organizes executive peer-learning councils through topical Centers based in business hubs around the globe. In the United States, it currently operates five Centers from New York City:
In Europe, The Conference Board hosts three Centers:
In the Asia-Pacific region, the organization hosts three Centers:
Additionally, The Conference Board operates a China Center for executives of multinational companies.
The Conference Board publishes a number of regular indicators for United States and international economies that are widely tracked by investors, business leaders, and policy makers. They include:
The Conference Board's research reports and experts are often featured in a wide range of global business media—from specialist trade publications to the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, CNBC, Bloomberg News, Forbes and Fortune.
Notable examples include:
The Conference Board ESG Advantage software allows US public companies to benchmark their practices in various ESG areas, including environmental, human capital management, CEO and director compensation, board composition and governance, and shareholder voting. [41]
The Conference Board has received multiple awards.
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity. Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending. This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock, an adverse supply shock, the bursting of an economic bubble, or a large-scale anthropogenic or natural disaster.
A consumer confidence index (CCI) is an economic indicator published by various organizations in several countries.
An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. One application of economic indicators is the study of business cycles. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries: for example, the unemployment rate, quits rate, housing starts, consumer price index, Inverted yield curve, consumer leverage ratio, industrial production, bankruptcies, gross domestic product, broadband internet penetration, retail sales, price index, and changes in credit conditions.
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Consumer confidence is an economic indicator that measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation. If the consumer has confidence in the immediate and near future economy and his/her personal finance, then the consumer will spend more than save.
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Steve Odland is an American businessman. He is the president and CEO of The Conference Board. He also is the former chairman and CEO of Office Depot, Inc. and AutoZone, Inc., and the former president and CEO of Tops Markets and the Committee for Economic Development.
The ease of doing business index was an index created jointly by Simeon Djankov, Michael Klein, and Caralee McLiesh, three leading economists at the World Bank Group, following the release of World Development Report 2002. The academic research for the report was done jointly with professors Edward Glaeser, Oliver Hart, and Andrei Shleifer. Though the first report was authored by Djankov, Klein, and McLiesh, and they continue to be listed as "founders" of the report, some sources attribute the genesis of the idea to Djankov and Gerhard Pohl. Higher rankings indicated better, usually simpler, regulations for businesses and stronger protections of property rights. Empirical research funded by the World Bank to justify their work show that the economic growth effect of improving these regulations is strong. Other researchers find that the distance-to-frontier measure introduced in 2016 after a decision of the World Bank board is not correlated with subsequent economic growth or investment.
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The Council on Competitiveness is an American non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. The Council’s goal is to increase the United States' economic competitiveness in the global marketplace. The Council also works to bring high-value economic activity into the United States.
See Business Cycle.
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