Research and development, known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existing ones. Research and development constitutes the first stage of development of a potential new service or the production process.
Science and technology in China have developed rapidly during the 1980s to 2010s, and major scientific and technological achievements have been made since the 1980s. From the 1980s to the 1990s, the Chinese government successively launched the "863 Plan" and the "Strategy for Rejuvenating the Country through Science and Education", which greatly promoted the development and progress of China's science and technology. The Chinese government has placed emphasis through funding, reform, and societal status on science and technology as a fundamental part of the socio-economic development of the country as well as for national prestige.
The Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, colloquially known as Nanhang (南航), is a public research university in Nanjing, China. One of the Seven Sons of National Defence, it is directly supervised by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university is part of the Project 211 and a Chinese state Double First Class University Plan university identified by the Ministry of Education of China.
The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science.
Building science is the science and technology-driven collection of knowledge in order to provide better indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy-efficient built environments, and occupant comfort and satisfaction. Building physics, architectural science, and applied physics are terms used for the knowledge domain that overlaps with building science. In building science, the methods used in natural and hard sciences are widely applied, which may include controlled and quasi-experiments, randomized control, physical measurements, remote sensing, and simulations. On the other hand, methods from social and soft sciences, such as case study, interviews & focus group, observational method, surveys, and experience sampling, are also widely used in building science to understand occupant satisfaction, comfort, and experiences by acquiring qualitative data. One of the recent trends in building science is a combination of the two different methods. For instance, it is widely known that occupants’ thermal sensation and comfort may vary depending on their sex, age, emotion, experiences, etc. even in the same indoor environment. Despite the advancement in data extraction and collection technology in building science, objective measurements alone can hardly represent occupants' state of mind such as comfort and preference. Therefore, researchers are trying to measure both physical contexts and understand human responses to figure out complex interrelationships.
Optics Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Optica. It was established in July 1977. The editor-in-chief is Miguel Alonso. The journal covers all topics pertaining to optics and photonics. Publishing formats are short and rapid communications, with articles being limited to four journal pages.
CSA was a division of Cambridge Information Group and provider of online databases, based in Bethesda, Maryland before merging with ProQuest of Ann Arbor, Michigan in 2007. CSA hosted databases of abstracts and developed taxonomic indexing of scholarly articles. These databases were hosted on the CSA Illumina platform and were available alongside add-on products like CSA Illustrata. The company produced numerous bibliographic databases in different fields of the arts and humanities, natural and social sciences, and technology. Thus, coverage included materials science, environmental sciences and pollution management, biological sciences, aquatic sciences and fisheries, biotechnology, engineering, computer science, sociology, linguistics, and other areas.
The Web of Science is a paid-access platform that provides access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines. It was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is currently owned by Clarivate.
Today in China, there are more than 8,000 academic journals, of which more than 4,600 can be considered scientific. About 1,400 cover health science. In 2022, it was reported that China has become one of the top countries in the world in both scientific research output, and also for highly cited academic papers.
Industrial engineering is an engineering profession that is concerned with the optimization of complex processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information and equipment. Industrial engineering is central to manufacturing operations.
Chemical Vapor Deposition was a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering materials science. It was established in 1995 and ceased independent publication in 2015, when it became a section of Advanced Materials Interfaces. The journal was published by Wiley-VCH and the editor-in-chief was Peter Gregory.
Microsystem Technologies is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It covers research on electromechanical, materials, design, and manufacturing aspects of microsystems and their components. The editors-in-chief of the journal are B. Michel and B. Bhushan.
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It is the official journal of the International Society of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. It covers all aspects of designing optimal structures in stressed systems as well as multidisciplinary optimization techniques when one of the disciplines deals with structures or fluids. The journal's scope ranges from the mathematical foundations of the field to algorithm and software development with benchmark studies to practical applications and case studies in structural, aero-space, mechanical, civil, chemical, and naval engineering. Closely related fields such as computer-aided design and manufacturing, reliability analysis, artificial intelligence, system identification and modeling, inverse processes, computer simulation, and active control of structures are covered when the topic is relevant to optimization. The current editor-in-chief since 2015 is Raphael T. Haftka since the passage of the founding editor George I. N. Rozvany.
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is Kai Chang. The journal covers technology that operates in wavelengths ranging from radio frequency to the optical spectrum.
Advanced Composite Materials is a bimonthly peer-review scientific journal that was established in 1991. It is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Japan Society for Composite Materials and the Korean Society for Composite Materials. The journal covers all scientific and technological aspects of composite materials and composite material structures, including physical, chemical, mechanical, and other properties of advanced composites as well as microscopic to macroscopic behavior studied both experimentally and theoretically. Novel fabrication techniques for composites and composite structural components are also included.
Geophysical Journal International is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft. The journal publishes original research papers, research notes, letters, and book reviews. It was established in 1922. The editor-in-chief is Joerg Renner. The journal covers research on all aspects of theoretical, computational, applied and observational geophysics.
The Journal of Simulation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research and practice in the field of simulation. It is an official journal of The Operational Research Society. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 1.214.
The Journal of Biomedical Materials Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journals of biomedical material science. It was established in 1967. In 1974, it absorbed Biomedical Materials Symposium (1971–1974). In 1990, it absorbed the journal Journal of Applied Biomaterials (1990–1995). In 2002, it split into two parts, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, and Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B. The two parts are published by John Wiley & Sons.
The Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. It covers the science and technology of guidance, control, and dynamics of flight. The editor-in-chief is Ping Lu. It was established in 1978 as Journal of Guidance and Control, obtaining its current title in 1982.
Advanced Intelligent Systems is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research on artificial systems that recognize, process, and respond to stimuli/instructions and learn from experience, including robotics, automation, artificial intelligence and machine learning, the human-machine interface, control theory and systems, smart and responsive materials, smart sensing systems, and programmed self-assembly. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 7.298.
