The Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials

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History

Plans by AAAS and OCLC for a digital journal began in 1989 [2] and were announced in 1990. [3] The journal launched on July 1, 1992, edited by Edward Huth, who was earlier the editor of Annals of Internal Medicine . [4] As part of Primary Journals Online, [5] AAAS was responsible for the editorial processes and OCLC for the technology side. [6] Peer review was also done online. [4] One aim of the journal was to reduce the time until publication of medical research. [7]

The launch was postponed from April due to technical difficulties, [8] but it already had 1000 subscribers in the month of its launch [9] and won the 1992 Database Product of the Year Award. [10]

The first issue published three clinical trials and several opinion pieces. [4] Submissions were lower than anticipated; Cliff McKnight and colleagues noted that "Paradoxically, although the system was designed to be accessed directly by readers, it seems to have received a more enthusiastic reception from the information profession than from end users." [8]

AAAS sold the journal in 1994 [11] to Chapman & Hall (later part of CRC Press and then Taylor & Francis), who hosted the journal at www.chapmanhall.com/cu.html. [12] Library and information scientist Robin Peek noted in the mid-'90s that "Mounting a single journal is particularly problematic because most institutions are not willing to adapt their delivery infrastructure for one, or even a dozen, unique journal titles. Thus, even with the Internet, there remains the problem of achieving the needed mass." [13]

By 1996 OJCCT was the second-most cited electronic journal with 190 citations, and while its total citations in 1995 were "well below the median medical journal", "the average article in OJCCT [was] cited more than 88 percent of the e-journals indexed by JCR." As of 1996, OJCCT had published the then most-cited article in any electronic journal, a review of breast cancer screening. [14]

Closure and preservation

Despite the impact of the journal, it closed in 1996 and access was lost as no plans were made for preservation of the content. [12] [3] The former editors, including associate editor Kay Dickersin of Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, had considered putting copies of articles online but "we don't want to get into trouble". [15]

In March 2018, access was finally restored to over 50 of the around 80 articles by the digital preservation service Portico, with the permission of the copyright holder Taylor & Francis, [16] after Dickersin worked with the JHU Sheridan Libraries, including librarian Mariyam Thohira, to organize an effort to find copies of the articles from colleagues and in libraries. The editor, Huth, provided many articles on a CD-ROM. Portico are seeking the missing content, which they hope may be in researchers' personal hardcopy archives. [17] [12] [15]

Technical details

The journal was accessible with an online subscription, initially costing US$110 per year [7] via CompuServe and OCLC Net, using either GUI software called Guidon that used SGML [18] and ran on DOS on an IBM-compatible computer or the Electronic Publishing Service, a more limited ASCII format also available on the internet. [19] [4] [20] [12] [21] The system requirements were high for the time: an Intel 286 with 2 MB memory running Windows 3.0. [22] By 1995, three more journals were available via Guidon on the Electronic Journals Online platform: The Online Journal of Knowledge Synthesis for Nursing, Electronics Letters Online, and APL Online. [23]

The journal was indexed on MEDLINE (and, from January 1994, Index Medicus), [24] BIOSIS and WorldCat.

Articles in OJCCT were published within 24 hours after the decision to accept. [7] Access and support was limited to Monday-Friday 6am-10pm (Eastern Daylight Time), Saturday 8am-8pm, Sunday 12pm-8pm. [6] Unlike other electronic journals at the time, the articles included figures and tables as well as typeset text. [25] Downloading articles cost extra and printed copies could also be ordered from the publisher for a fee. [4]

Legacy

"The journal was revolutionary, as its publishing was to be wholly electronic - manuscripts would be submitted, peer-reviewed, and edited without ever being printed."

—Robin Henshaw, First Monday [22]

OJCCT was the first online-only full text journal with graphics, [26] and was followed by many other electronic journals, as they were called at the time, which changed how librarians provided content to their users and how publishers priced their content. [27] By 1996, there were 115 electronic STM journals. [26]

The journal was the first electronic content to be indexed in Index Medicus. [24] OJCCT introduced what is now called continuous publication, publishing articles as they are accepted rather than in an issue, [28] with no space restrictions. [4] In the first editorial, Huth promoted "the virtues of hypertext, the space electronic publishing offers for providing actual study data, and the ability to update meta-analyses". [12] The journal was one of the first to have guidelines for the reporting of clinical trials and to encourage the publication of negative results. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scientific journal</span> Periodical journal publishing scientific research

In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication designed to further the progress of science by disseminating new research findings to the scientific community. These journals serve as a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to share their latest discoveries, insights, and methodologies across a multitude of scientific disciplines. Unlike professional or trade magazines, scientific journals are characterized by their rigorous peer review process, which aims to ensure the validity, reliability, and quality of the published content. With origins dating back to the 17th century, the publication of scientific journals has evolved significantly, playing a pivotal role in the advancement of scientific knowledge, fostering academic discourse, and facilitating collaboration within the scientific community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital media</span> Any media that are encoded in machine-readable formats

In mass communication, digital media is any communication media that operates in conjunction with various encoded machine-readable data formats. Digital content can be created, viewed, distributed, modified, listened to, and preserved on a digital electronic device, including digital data storage media and digital broadcasting. Digital is defined as any data represented by a series of digits, and media refers to methods of broadcasting or communicating this information. Together, digital media refers to mediums of digitized information broadcast through a screen and/or a speaker. This also includes text, audio, video, and graphics that are transmitted over the internet for viewing or listening to on the internet.

Electronic publishing includes the digital publication of e-books, digital magazines, and the development of digital libraries and catalogues. It also includes the editing of books, journals, and magazines to be posted on a screen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JSTOR</span> Distributor of ebooks and other digital media

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MEDLINE is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Academic journal</span> Peer-reviewed scholarly periodical

An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. They serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and discussion of research. They nearly universally require peer review for research articles or other scrutiny from contemporaries competent and established in their respective fields.

BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals. All its journals are published online only. BioMed Central describes itself as the first and largest open access science publisher. It was founded in 2000 and has been owned by Springer, now Springer Nature, since 2008.

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PubMed is a free database including primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health maintains the database as part of the Entrez system of information retrieval.

<i>The BMJ</i> British peer-reviewed medical journal

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Index Medicus (IM) is a curated subset of MEDLINE, which is a bibliographic database of life science and biomedical science information, principally scientific journal articles. From 1879 to 2004, Index Medicus was a comprehensive bibliographic index of such articles in the form of a print index or its onscreen equivalent. Medical history experts have said of Index Medicus that it is “America's greatest contribution to medical knowledge.”

<i>Clinical Microbiology Reviews</i> Academic journal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital library</span> Online database of digital objects stored in electronic media formats and accessible via computers

A digital library is an online database of digital objects that can include text, still images, audio, video, digital documents, or other digital media formats or a library accessible through the internet. Objects can consist of digitized content like print or photographs, as well as originally produced digital content like word processor files or social media posts. In addition to storing content, digital libraries provide means for organizing, searching, and retrieving the content contained in the collection. Digital libraries can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals or organizations. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. These information retrieval systems are able to exchange information with each other through interoperability and sustainability.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philosophy Documentation Center</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of open access</span>

The idea and practise of providing free online access to journal articles began at least a decade before the term "open access" was formally coined. Computer scientists had been self-archiving in anonymous ftp archives since the 1970s and physicists had been self-archiving in arXiv since the 1990s. The Subversive Proposal to generalize the practice was posted in 1994.

References

  1. 1 2 Huth, Edward J. (April 30, 1992). "Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials". N Engl J Med. 326 (18): 89–90. doi:10.1056/NEJM199204303261817. PMC   225748 . PMID   1557109.
  2. ↑ "Incorporating the Internet". Nature Immunology. 5 (1): 1. 2004. doi: 10.1038/ni0104-1 . PMID   14699395.
  3. 1 2 Baldwin, Melinda (August 18, 2015). Making "Nature": The History of a Scientific Journal. University of Chicago Press. p. 231. ISBN   978-0226261454.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wood, Elizabeth H. (January 1993). "The Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials". Bull Med Libr Assoc. 81 (1): 89–90. PMC   225748 .
  5. ↑ Wolff, Thomas E (1992). "Enhanced Access to Information via Personal Bibliographic Databases" (PDF). Proceedings of the 1992 Chemical Information Conference: 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  6. 1 2 "Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials Debuts". Information Today. July 1992. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  7. 1 2 3 "Science / Medicine : Computerized Medical Journal". LA Times. September 30, 1991. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  8. 1 2 McKnight, Cliff; Dillon, Andrew; Shackel, Brian (1996). "The electronic journal and its implications for the digital library". In T. Harrison and T. Stephens (ed.). Computer Networking and Scholarly Communication in the 21st Century. SUNY Press. pp. 351–368.
  9. ↑ Coleman, Richard (July 1992). "The Impact of Networks on Publishers". Serials. 5 (2): 41–46. doi: 10.1629/050241 .
  10. ↑ Okerson, Ann (2000). "Are We There Yet? Online E-Resources Ten Years After" (PDF). Library Trends. 48 (4). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-15. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
  11. ↑ "Science Association Puts Electronic Journal Up for Sale". The Chronicle of Higher Education. March 16, 1994.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Portico announces the trigger of the Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials, one of the first scientific e-journals". Portico. March 29, 2018. Archived from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  13. ↑ Peek, Robin (1997). "The future has arrived". Portland Press. Archived from the original on 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  14. ↑ Harter, Stephen P (1996). "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation Analysis". The Public-Access Computer Systems Review. 7 (5).
  15. 1 2 Scholes, Sarah (April 25, 2018). "What happens when science just disappears?". Wired. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  16. ↑ "The Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials — missing content". Portico. March 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  17. ↑ "Early Clinical Trials E-Journal Makes a Comeback". Department of Epidemiology News. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. April 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  18. ↑ Treloar, Andrew E. (December 1999). "Applying Hypertext and Hypermedia to Scholarly Journals Enables Both Product and Process Innovation". ACM Computing Surveys. 31 (4): 3. doi: 10.1145/345966.345978 . S2CID   12224464. Archived from the original on 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  19. ↑ Renford, Beverly; Ries, Andrew (April 7, 1993). "Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials". JAMA. 269 (13): 1697–1698. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500130111049.
  20. ↑ Brahmi, Frances A.; Kaneshiro, Kellie (1993). "The Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials (OJCCT): A closer look". Medical Reference Services Quarterly. 12 (3): 29–43. doi:10.1300/J115V12N03_03.
  21. ↑ Hickey, Thomas B; Noreault, Terry (1992). "The Development of a Graphical User Interface for the Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials". Public-Access Computer Systems Review. 3 (2): 4–12. ISSN   1048-6542. Archived from the original on 2017-09-01. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  22. 1 2 Henshaw, Robin (September 3, 2001). "What next for Internet journals?". First Monday. Vol. 6, no. 9.
  23. ↑ Ingoldsby, Tim (July 1994). "AIP's Applied Physics Letters Online: Coming in January". Computers in Physics. 8 (4): 398–401. Bibcode:1994ComPh...8..398I. doi:10.1063/1.4823315. Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
  24. 1 2 "Electronic Journal Is Indexed". New York Times. January 11, 1994. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  25. ↑ Seago, Brenda L. (1993). "Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials: Issues for the 1990s and Beyond". Medical Reference Services Quarterly. 12 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1300/J115V12N01_01.
  26. 1 2 Harter, Stephen P.; Kim, Hak Joon (December 1997). "ARCHIVE: Electronic Journals and Scholarly Communication: A Citation and Reference Study". The Journal of Electronic Publishing. 3 (2). doi: 10.3998/3336451.0003.212 . hdl: 2027/spo.3336451.0003.212 . Archived from the original on 2024-08-10. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  27. ↑ M. Sandra Wood, ed. (January 11, 2013). "Journal Collection Development: Challenges, Issues, and Strategies". Introduction to Health Sciences Librarianship. Taylor & Francis. pp. 91–118. doi:10.4324/9780203462621-13. ISBN   9781136614385. Archived from the original on August 10, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  28. ↑ Kassirer, Jerome P. (January 16, 1992). "Journals in Bits and Bytes". N Engl J Med. 326 (3): 195–197. doi:10.1056/NEJM199201163260310. PMID   1727550.

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