Set in 9th-century Ireland, during the age of Viking expansion, the film's protagonist is Brendan, a curious and brave boy living in the tightly knit Abbey of Kells under the care of his stern uncle, Abbot Cellach, who is obsessed with building a high impregnable wall encircling his Abbey to prevent Viking attacks.
Apprenticed in the scriptorium of the monastery, Brendan hears the other monks talk of Brother Aidan, creator of the Book of Iona, and becomes curious about the mysterious illuminator and the book that turns darkness into light (the unfinished Book of Kells). Aidan arrives in Kells, accompanied by his white cat with heterochromatic eyes, Pangur Bán,[7] after escaping from his monastery at Iona in a small boat as it is destroyed by a Viking raid (seen in brief in the opening titles).
After eavesdropping on a discussion between Cellach and Aidan, Brendan wanders into the scriptorium and finds the still-to-be-completed illuminated manuscript guarded by Pangur Bán. Aidan arrives, and tells Brendan all about this great book.
Seeing Brendan as a suitable apprentice, Aidan sends him to follow Pangur Bán out of a secret passage under the abbey wall the cat has found out into the summer woods to obtain gall nuts to make more ink. Cornered by a hungry pack of wolves, Brendan is saved by the Aos Sí or faerie, Aisling - a shape-changer - who overcomes her initial suspicions and accepts Brendan after he reveals his intentions of helping to create the book. They become firm friends.
After a close encounter with Crom Cruach - an ancient and long-forgotten deity of death and destruction - of whom Aisling is deeply afraid, because it orphaned her long years ago, Brendan and Aisling return to the outskirts of the forest, and she assures him that he can return any time.
On his return to the monastery, Brendan is reprimanded by the Abbot, who forbids him to leave abbey grounds again. Continuing to work with Aidan, Brendan learns that the work is endangered by the loss of the Eye of Colm Cille, a special magnifying lens, that was lost in Aidan's flight from Iona. Brendan recognises it as one of Crom Cruach's eyes, so when Brendan tries to visit Crom's cave to obtain another ‘Eye’, Cellach confines him to his room for disobeying his instructions.
Freed by Pangur Bán and Aisling, Brendan runs into the heart of the woods, where a shocked Aisling begs him not to confront the dark god, warning that Crom Cruach will kill him, just as it killed her mother and the rest of her people. Declaring that the book will never be completed without the 'Eye', Brendan persuades Aisling to help him enter Crom's cave, narrowly escaping death in the process. Brendan duels with Crom and seizes the Eye, blinding Crom completely and causing the deity to consume itself, becoming an ouroboros. Returning to the cave entrance, Brendan finds the forest covered in white flowers.
Brendan returns to the abbey and continues to assist Aidan with the new Eye of Colm Cille in secret, watched excitedly by the brothers of the monastery.
A wounded messenger from outside warns Cellach that the Vikings are on their way. As the Vikings penetrate more of the Irish lands, the Abbey becomes a sanctuary to more and more people from the surrounding lands. By winter, the whole of the abbey grounds are covered by a refugee encampment.
In a fit of anger and frustration, Cellach locks Brendan and Aidan in the scriptorium, but not before ripping out a page Brendan had created. The Vikings breach the great wooden gate and invade Kells, to Cellach's great horror. The Abbot is wounded by an arrow, then by a Viking blade, as the raiders swarm the abbey. The wooden staircase to Kells's central tower becomes overloaded with panicked villagers and collapses, while the encampment and the other abbey buildings around it are set ablaze. Still locked in the burning scriptorium, Brendan and Aidan escape from the raiders using green smoke from making the gallberry ink as a diversion. Unable to help the Abbot or any of the others, Brendan and Aidan flee to the forest with Pangur Bán and their illuminated manuscript via the cat's secret passage, as the Vikings breach the main chapel and attack the monks and villagers hiding within.
Vikings in the forest find Brendan and Aidan during their escape and grab their great tome from them, just to rip off the bejeweled cover, while scattering the seemingly worthless pages of the book, but Aisling's wolves arrive and either scare away or kill the Vikings. As Brendan finds the final page of the book, he comes face to face for a moment with a white wolf, presumably Aisling.
Brendan and Aidan travel across Ireland and, after many years, complete the great book. Aidan entrusts the book to Brendan and then dies, and the now-adult Brendan returns to Kells with Pangur Bán, guided by a white wolf (revealed to be Aisling).
Folio 34r of the original Book of Kells shows the Chi Rho monogram.
Following being sacked and burnt, Kells is left with few survivors protected in the central tower, and the Abbot although severely injured, is one of them. Brendan reunites with his aged, guilt-ridden Uncle Ceallach, and shows him the completed work he now calls the Book of Kells.
The film closes with an animated rendition of the Chi-Rho page, featuring its intense detail.
Cast
Evan McGuire as Brendan, a bright, imaginative, and curious 12-year-old who leads a sheltered life
Christen Mooney as Aisling, a forest fairy, related to the Tuatha Dé Danann, living in the woods outside of Kells
Mick Lally as Brother Aidan, a wizard-esque master illuminator. This was noted to be Lally's last film before his death on 31 August 2010.
Liam Hourican as Brothers Tang and Leonardo, two illuminators from Asia and Italy, respectively
Paul Tylak as Brother Assoua, an illuminator from Africa
Paul Young as Brother Square, an illuminator from England
Influences
Folio 32v of the original Book of Kells shows Christ enthroned.
The film is based on the story of the origin of the Book of Kells, an illuminated manuscriptGospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament located in Dublin, Ireland. It also draws upon Celtic mythology;[8] examples include its inclusion of Crom Cruach, a pre-Christian Irish deity[9] and the reference to the poetic genre of Aislings, in which a poet is confronted by a dream or vision of a seeress, in the naming of the forest sprite encountered by Brendan. Wider mythological similarities have also been commented upon, such as parallels between Brendan's metaphysical battle with Crom Cruach and Beowulf's underwater encounter with Grendel's mother.[10]The Secret of Kells began development in 1999, when Tomm Moore and several of his friends were inspired by Richard Williams'sThe Thief and the Cobbler, Disney's Mulan, Gustav Klimt's paintings, John Bauer's illustrations and the works of Hayao Miyazaki, which based their visual style on the respective traditional art of the cultures featured in each film. They decided to do something similar to Studio Ghibli's films but with Irish art.[11] Tomm Moore explained that the visual style was inspired by Celtic and medieval art, being 'flat, with false perspective and lots of colour'. Even the cleanup was planned to 'obtain the stained glass effect of thicker outer lines'.[12]
Reception
Sculpture of the character Pángúr Bán from the film 'The Secret of Kells' in the Kilkenny Castle Rose Garden
The film was very well received by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 90% based on 84 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10.[13] Rotten Tomatoes critics concluded that the film was "Beautifully drawn and refreshingly calm, The Secret of Kells hearkens back to animation's golden age with an enchanting tale inspired by Irish mythology."[13] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 20 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[14]
Gary Thompson of the Philadelphia Daily News said The Secret of Kells "is noteworthy for its unique, ornate design, its moments of silence... and gorgeous music".[16] Leslie Felperin of Variety magazine praised the film as "Refreshingly different" and "absolutely luscious to behold".[17] Jeremy W. Kaufmann of Ain't It Cool News called its animation "absolutely brilliant",[18] and reviewers at Starlog called it "one of the greatest hand-drawn independent animated movies of all time".[19] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Charles Solomon ranked the film the tenth-best anime on his "Top 10".[20] On Oscar weekend it was released at the IFC Center in New York City and was then released in other venues and cities in the United States, where it grossed $667,441.[2]
According to Paul Young, CEO of Cartoon Saloon, "Kells came out and it didn’t really make much of an impact in Ireland... It made more waves in the US. It got picked up by GKIDS Films, which was the first time they had theatrically distributed a movie".[21]
Accolades
Tomm Moore, writer-director of 'The Secret of Kells'
Wins
2008: Directors Finders Award at the Directors Finders Series in Ireland
2009: Audience Award at the 9th Kecskemét Animation Film Festival; Kecskemét City Prize at the 6th Festival of European Animated Feature Films and TV Specials[23]
Crom Cruach was a pagan god of pre-Christian Ireland. According to Christian writers, he was propitiated with human sacrifice and his worship was ended by Saint Patrick.
The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript and Celtic Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. It was created in a Columban monastery in either Ireland or Scotland, and may have had contributions from various Columban institutions from each of these areas. It is believed to have been created c. 800 AD. The text of the Gospels is largely drawn from the Vulgate, although it also includes several passages drawn from the earlier versions of the Bible known as the Vetus Latina. It is regarded as a masterwork of Western calligraphy and the pinnacle of Insular illumination. The manuscript takes its name from the Abbey of Kells, County Meath, which was its home for centuries.
Brendan Gleeson is an Irish actor and director. He has received various accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award, two British Independent Film Awards and three IFTA Awards, along with nominations for an Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. In 2020, he was listed at number 18 on The Irish Times list of Ireland's greatest film actors. He is the father of actors Domhnall Gleeson and Brian Gleeson.
The Abbey of Kells is a former monastery in Kells, County Meath, Ireland, 59 kilometres (37 mi) north-west of Dublin. It was founded in the early 9th century, and the Book of Kells was kept there during the later medieval and early modern periods before finally leaving the abbey in the 1650s. Much of the Book of Kells may have been created there, but historians cannot be certain of the exact date and circumstances of its creation.
Brendan may refer to:
Iona Abbey is an abbey located on the island of Iona, just off the Isle of Mull on the West Coast of Scotland.
The Irish film industry has grown somewhat in recent years thanks partly to the promotion of the sector by Fís Éireann/Screen Ireland and the introduction of heavy tax breaks. According to the Irish Audiovisual Content Production Sector Review carried out by the Irish Film Board and PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2008 this sector, has gone from 1,000 people employed six or seven years ago, to well over 6,000 people in that sector now and is valued at over €557.3 million and represents 0.3% of GDP. Most films are produced in English as Ireland is largely Anglophone, though some productions are made in Irish either wholly or partially.
"Pangur Bán" is an Old Irish poem written in about the 9th century at or near Reichenau Abbey, in what is now Germany, by an Irish monk about his cat. Pangur Bán, 'White Pangur', is the cat's name, Pangur possibly meaning 'a fuller'. Although the poem is anonymous, it bears similarities to the poetry of Sedulius Scottus, prompting speculation that he is the author. In eight verses of four lines each, the author compares the cat's happy hunting with his own scholarly pursuits.
Michael Lally was an Irish stage, film, and television actor. He departed from a teaching career for acting during the 1970s. Though best known in Ireland for his role as Miley Byrne in the television soap Glenroe, Lally's stage career spanned several decades, and he was involved in feature films such as Alexander and the Academy Award-nominated The Secret of Kells. He died in August 2010 after a battle with emphysema. Many reports cited him as one of Ireland's finest and most recognisable actors.
Fís Éireann / Screen Ireland, formerly known as Bord Scannán na hÉireann or the Irish Film Board, is Ireland's state development agency for the Irish film, television and animation industry. It provides funding for the development, production and distribution of feature films, feature documentaries, short films, TV animation series and TV drama series.
Cartoon Saloon is an Irish animation film, short film and television studio based in Kilkenny which provides film TV and short film services. The studio is best known for its animated feature films The Secret of Kells, Song of the Sea, The Breadwinner and Wolfwalkers. Their works have received five Academy Award nominations, their first four feature length works all received nominations for Best Animated Feature and one for Best Animated Short Film. The company also developed the cartoon series Skunk Fu!, Puffin Rock, Dorg Van Dango and Viking Skool. As of 2020, the studio employs 300 animators.
Thomas "Tomm" Moore is an Irish filmmaker, animator, illustrator and comics artist. He co-founded Cartoon Saloon with Nora Twomey and Paul Young, an animation studio and production company based in Kilkenny, Ireland. His first three feature films, The Secret of Kells (2009), co-directed with Nora Twomey, Song of the Sea (2014) and Wolfwalkers (2020), co-directed with Ross Stewart, have received critical acclaim and were all nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.
Nora Twomey is an Irish animator, director, screenwriter, producer and voice actress. She is best known as the co-founder of Cartoon Saloon, alongside Tomm Moore and Paul Young, an animation studio and production company, based in Kilkenny City, Ireland. She is best known for co-directing The Secret of Kells and directing The Breadwinner. Her work on both films earned Academy Award nominations for Best Animated Feature.
The 7th Irish Film & Television Awards took place on 20 February 2010 in the Burlington Hotel, Dublin. It was hosted by Victoria Smurfit and honoured Irish film and television released in 2009.
Song of the Sea is a 2014 animated fantasy film directed and co-produced by Tomm Moore, co-produced by Ross Murray, Paul Young, Stephen Roelants, Serge and Marc Ume, Isabelle Truc, Clement Calvet, Jeremie Fajner, Frederik Villumsen, and Claus Toksvig Kjaer, and written by Will Collins based on Moore's original story.
Fabrice Ziolkowski is a French-born screenwriter, best known for writing Cartoon Saloon's debut Oscar-nominated film The Secret of Kells, the animated series Gawayn, and directing and producing the avant-garde documentary film L.A.X..
TVPaint Animation is a 2D paint and digital animation software package developed by TVPaint Developpement SARL based in Lorraine, France. Originally released for Amiga in 1991, version 3.0 (1994) introduced support for other platforms. In 1999, the last Amiga version 3.59 was released as free download. TVPaint Animation currently runs on Mac, Windows, Linux, and Android operating systems.
Wolfwalkers is a 2020 independent animated fantasy adventure film directed by Tomm Moore and Ross Stewart. The film is the third and final installment in Moore's "Irish Folklore Trilogy", following his previous films The Secret of Kells (2009) and Song of the Sea (2014). An international co-production led by Cartoon Saloon and Mélusine Productions, the film premiered at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival on 12 September and was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 26 October, in the United States and Canada on 13 November, and in Ireland on 2 December. It was released digitally on Apple TV+ on 11 December 2020, to critical acclaim.
Paul Young is an Irish animator, illustrator, cartoonist, producer, and director. He is the CEO of Cartoon Saloon, a four-times Academy Award nominated and BAFTA nominated Irish animation studio. He co-founded the studio in 1999 with Tomm Moore and Nora Twomey. In 2015 he was a finalist in the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award. He has been a board member of Animation Ireland.
Keazor, Henry, "Stil, Symbol, Struktur: 'The Tree of Life' als Motiv im Film", in: Der achte Tag. Naturbilder in der Kunst des 21. Jahrhunderts, edited by Frank Fehrenbach and Matthias Krüger, Berlin/Boston 2016, p.163 - 200
The Bob's Burgers Movie (2022; under and with Lighthouse Studios, as well as with Bento Box, Golden Wolf, Mercury Filmworks, and Tonic DNA, among others)
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