A paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline. It is a concept in the philosophy of science that was introduced and brought into the common lexicon by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. Even though Kuhn restricted the use of the term to the natural sciences,the concept of a paradigm shift has also been used in numerous non-scientific contexts to describe a profound change in a fundamental model or perception of events.
In science and philosophy,a paradigm is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns,including theories,research methods,postulates,and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin,meaning "pattern",and is used to illustrate similar occurrences.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is a book about the history of science by philosopher Thomas S. Kuhn. Its publication was a landmark event in the history,philosophy,and sociology of science. Kuhn challenged the then prevailing view of progress in science in which scientific progress was viewed as "development-by-accumulation" of accepted facts and theories. Kuhn argued for an episodic model in which periods of conceptual continuity where there is cumulative progress,which Kuhn referred to as periods of "normal science",were interrupted by periods of revolutionary science. The discovery of "anomalies" during revolutions in science leads to new paradigms. New paradigms then ask new questions of old data,move beyond the mere "puzzle-solving" of the previous paradigm,change the rules of the game and the "map" directing new research.
Fritz Julius Kuhn was a German Nazi activist who served as the elected leader of the German American Bund before World War II. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1934. Still,his citizenship was canceled in 1943 owing to his status as a foreign agent of Nazi Germany. Kuhn served prison time for larceny and forgery from 1939 to 1943 and,upon release,was immediately interned by the federal government as an enemy agent. He was deported in 1945 and later served further prison time in post-war Germany before dying in 1951.
Postpositivism or postempiricism is a metatheoretical stance that critiques and amends positivism and has impacted theories and practices across philosophy,social sciences,and various models of scientific inquiry. While positivists emphasize independence between the researcher and the researched person,postpositivists argue that theories,hypotheses,background knowledge and values of the researcher can influence what is observed. Postpositivists pursue objectivity by recognizing the possible effects of biases. While positivists emphasize quantitative methods,postpositivists consider both quantitative and qualitative methods to be valid approaches.
The history and philosophy of science (HPS) is an academic discipline that encompasses the philosophy of science and the history of science. Although many scholars in the field are trained primarily as either historians or as philosophers,there are degree-granting departments of HPS at several prominent universities. Though philosophy of science and history of science are their own disciplines,history and philosophy of science is a discipline in its own right.
In Aristotelian physics and Greek astronomy,the sublunary sphere is the region of the geocentric cosmos below the Moon,consisting of the four classical elements:earth,water,air,and fire.
The history of Michigan State University dates back to 1855,when the Michigan Legislature established the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan under the encouragement of the Michigan State Agricultural Society and the Michigan Farmer,the state's leading agricultural periodical. As the first agricultural college in the United States,the school served as a model for other institutions of its kind established in the period,to give an instance,the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania.
Grandma is a comic strip by Charles Kuhn that ran from April 14,1947 to June 28,1969. He usually signed the strip "Chas. Kuhn".
Jesse Claiborne Neely was an American football player,a baseball and football coach. He was head football coach at Southwestern University from 1924 to 1927,at Clemson University from 1931 to 1939 and at Rice University from 1940 to 1966,compiling a career college football record of 207–176–19. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1971.
John Clough Holmes was an American agriculturalist,educator,and co-founder of the Michigan State Agricultural Society. Holmes is also known as the founder of Michigan State University,established in 1855 as an agriculture college,the first of its kind in the United States. Holmes Hall,the home of the Lyman Briggs College,is named in his honor.
The Middle English Dictionary is a dictionary of Middle English published by the University of Michigan. It comprises roughly 15,000 pages with a comprehensive analysis of lexicon and usage for the period 1175–1500,based on the analysis of over three million quotations from primary sources. It is the largest collection of this kind available.
Xylosyltransferase are transferase enzymes which act upon xylose and are classified under EC 2.4.2.
Franz Christian Kuhn was an American lawyer and judge. He served as Michigan Attorney General and later as a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court in the early 20th century. Kuhn was a Republican.
Thomas Samuel Kuhn was an American historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles,introducing the term paradigm shift,which has since become an English-language idiom.
Steven Kuhn is a philosophy professor at Georgetown University whose research focuses on logic,ethics and the philosophy of language.
The 1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1922 Southern Conference football season. During the season,Dan McGugin's 18th as head coach,Vanderbilt compiled a record of 8–0–1 and outscored its opponents 177 to 16. The Commodores' defense was unrivaled in the South,leading the nation in giving up just 1.8 points per game,none of them at home. The season included a tie with Michigan at the dedication of the new Dudley Field;the first stadium in the South to be used exclusively for college football. The season was immediately dubbed one of the best in Vanderbilt and Southern football history.
The 1923 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the sport of college football during the 1923 Southern Conference football season. The team's head coach was Dan McGugin,who served his 19th year in that capacity. The Commodores played six home games at Dudley Field in Nashville,Tennessee. Vanderbilt finished the season with a record of 5–2–1 overall and 3–0–1 in SoCon play,outscoring opponents 137–33. The team suffered its losses to the national champion Michigan Wolverines and the undefeated Texas Longhorns.
Oliver Wall Kuhn,nicknamed "Doc Kuhn",was an American football,baseball and basketball player for the Vanderbilt University Commodores and later a prominent businessman of Tampa,Florida. As a college football quarterback,Kuhn led Vanderbilt to three consecutive Southern titles in 1921,1922,and 1923 –the most-recent conference titles for Vanderbilt football. In 1922,Vanderbilt tied Michigan at the dedication of Dudley Field,and Kuhn was picked for Walter Camp's list of names worthy of mention and Billy Evans' All-America "National Honor Roll."
Michigan's 57th House of Representatives district is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part of Macomb and Oakland counties. The district was created in 1965,when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.
