Bishkek, IPA: [biʃˈkek]), formerly Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek is also the administrative centre of the Chüy Region. The region surrounds the city, although the city itself is not part of the region but rather a region-level unit of Kyrgyzstan. It is also near the Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan border. Its population was 1,074,075 in 2021.
The history of the Kyrgyz people and the land now called Kyrgyzstan goes back more than 3,000 years. Although geographically isolated by its mountainous location, it had an important role as part of the historical Silk Road trade route. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited the country throughout its history. In the 13th century, Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Mongols; subsequently it regained independence but was invaded by Kalmyks, Manchus and Uzbeks. In 1876 it became part of the Russian Empire, remaining in the USSR as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic after the Russian Revolution. Following Mikhael Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the USSR, in 1990 pro-independence candidate Askar Akayev was elected president of the SSR. On 31 August 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared independence from Moscow, and a democratic government was subsequently established.
Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's six million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. The Kyrgyz language is closely related to other Turkic languages.
Osh is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country and often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of 322,164 in 2021, comprising Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Russians, Tajiks, and other smaller ethnic groups. It is about 5 km from the Uzbekistan border.
The Tulip Revolution or First Kyrgyz Revolution led to President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev's fall from power. The revolution began after parliamentary elections on February 27 and March 13, 2005. The revolutionaries alleged corruption and authoritarianism by Akayev, his family and supporters. Akayev fled to Kazakhstan and then to Russia. On April 4, 2005, at the Kyrgyz embassy in Moscow, Akayev signed his resignation statement in the presence of a Kyrgyz parliamentary delegation. The resignation was ratified by the Kyrgyz interim parliament on April 11, 2005.
Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 7 April 2010 until 1 December 2011, becoming the first female Central Asian head of state. She was sworn in on July 3, 2010, after acting as interim leader following the 2010 April Revolution, which led to the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev. She previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and as head of the parliamentary caucus for the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.
Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010. Large opposition protests in April 2010 led to the takeover of government offices, forcing Bakiyev to flee the country.
Jumabek İbraimoviç Ibraimov was a Kyrgyz politician. He served as prime minister and Mayor of Bishkek from 1993 1995. He was born in Dzhany-Alysh of Kemin District he graduated from Frunze Polytechnic Institute in 1971. He was a post-graduate student and worked as a teacher until mid-70s. In 1976 - 1977 he worked as an engineer and the head of the department of technology at the Agricultural Machinery Works named after M.V.Frunze, and in 1977 - 1984 as a design engineer, head of engineering department, chief engineer, and director of Min-Kush branch of Orgtehnika factory. In 1984 he became a head of People's Control Commission, and the First Secretary of Balykchy Town Committee of Communist Party. In 1988 - 1991, Jumabek Ibraimov served as a First Deputy of a Head of Administration of Central Committee of Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan. He served as the Mayor of Bishkek from 1993-1995. President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev appointed him Prime Minister on 25 December 1998 after Akayev dissolved the Cabinet. Ibraimov served until he died of stomach cancer on 4 April 1999.
Transit Center at Manas is a former U.S. military installation at Manas International Airport, near Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. It was primarily operated by the U.S. Air Force. The primary unit at the base was the 376th Air Expeditionary Wing. On 3 June 2014 American troops vacated the base and it was handed over back to the Kyrgyzstan military.
Manas International Airport is the main international airport in Kyrgyzstan, located 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-northwest of the capital Bishkek.
Daniar Toktogulovich Usenov is a Kyrgyz banker and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from October 2009 to April 2010. He previously served as Mayor of Bishkek.
Ulan Melisbek is an influential figure in Kyrgyz culture and politics. Melisbek established both the virtual Kyrgyz Diaspora's internet domain and for Kyrgyzstan.
Arstanbek Imankulovich Nogoev was the Mayor of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan from 18 August 2005 to 10 October 2007. He graduated from the Frunze Polytechnic Institute in 1974, where he studied in the Faculty of Technology and published several monographs on the topic of agriculture. In the 1980s, he rose through the ranks of the Communist Party, earning him a place at the Tashkent Higher Party School, where he studied between 1986 and 1986. He went on to serve as head of Kemin District between 1999 and 2003, and then became deputy mayor under Askarbek Salymbekov. After Salymbekov's resignation, Nogoev ran unopposed for the mayorship and was appointed through a vote of the city council, with 37 supporters and 3 opposers. He was removed from his position in October 2007 through a decree of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev and replaced by businessman and former first deputy prime minister Daniar Usenov.
The Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic, also commonly known as the Kyrgyzstan and Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Kyrgyz language and as Kirghizia and Soviet Kirghizia in the Russian language, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991.
Chinese people in Kyrgyzstan have been growing in numbers since the late 1980s. 2008 police statistics showed 60,000 Chinese nationals living in the country. However, the 2009 census showed just 1,813 people who declared themselves to be of Chinese ethnicity.
The Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010, also known as the Second Kyrgyz Revolution, the Melon Revolution, the April Events or officially as the People's April Revolution, began in April 2010 with the ousting of Kyrgyz president Kurmanbek Bakiyev in the capital Bishkek. It was followed by increased ethnic tension involving Kyrgyz people and Uzbeks in the south of the country, which escalated in June 2010. The violence ultimately led to the consolidation of a new parliamentary system in Kyrgyzstan.
The Kyrgyz Air Force is the official air force of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic. Its current commander is Colonel Kylychbek Aidaraliev. The official holiday of the air forces is Aviation Day on August 18.
This article is a list of events in the year 2005 in Kyrgyzstan.
The Ala-Archa Cemetery is a public cemetery for honoured individuals in Kyrgyzstan. It is located on Abdumomunova Street in Bishkek to the west of the Avenue of the Young Guards. It is near the Ala Archa National Park in the Tian Shan mountains. It was opened in 1948 and currently occupies 31 hectares of land. It has historical and cultural significance in the City of Bishkek due to its regular use by order of the Government of Kyrgyzstan for the burial and/or re-burial of Kyrgyz citizens who held the status of political or public status such as former Prime Ministers as well as distinguished persons in the fine arts. It has served this purpose since 1973, when the Executive Committee of the Frunze City Council repurposed it taking into account the limited space available at the time.
