The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. The rules principally regulate:
In biology, a taxon is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping.
A holotype is a single physical example of an organism, known to have been used when the species was formally described. It is either the single such physical example or one of several such, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept.
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 27 members from 19 countries, mainly practicing zoological taxonomists.
In zoological nomenclature, the valid name of a taxon is the sole correct scientific name. The valid name should be used for that taxon, instead of any other name that may currently be being used, or may previously have been used. A name is valid when, and only when, it is in harmony with all the relevant rules listed in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). A valid name is the correct zoological name of a taxon.
Procynosuchus is an extinct genus of cynodonts from the Late Permian. It is considered to be one of the earliest and most basal cynodonts. It was 60 cm (2 ft) long and seems to have been adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle.
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies. This name is no longer in use: it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, Picea abies. In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination, rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refer to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name Papilio prorsaLinnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of Papilio levanaLinnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as Araschnia levana(Linnaeus, 1758), the map butterfly. However, Araschnia levana is not a synonym of Papilio levana in the taxonomic sense employed by the Zoological code.
ZooBank is an open access website intended to be the official International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) registry of zoological nomenclature. Any nomenclatural acts need to be registered with ZooBank to be "officially" recognized by the ICZN Code of Nomenclature.
Chydarteres striatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787, and while his name was preoccupied, it is treated as valid following ICZN Article 23.9.5.
Batocera maculata is a species of flat-faced longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae of the family Cerambycidae. While originally named as "Lamia tigris" by Voet in 1778, no name was validly published for this species until 1817; Voet's 1778 work fails to fulfill the requirement in ICZN Article 11.4 that a work must be consistently binominal, and all names within that work are unavailable.
Stromatium fulvum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was first described by Charles Joseph Devillers in 1789, and while his name was preoccupied, it is treated as valid following ICZN Article 23.9.5; it has most commonly been referred to as Stromatium unicolor, and more recently as Stromatium auratum but these names are junior synonyms.
Aegomorphus morrisi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Uhler in 1855. The species name is often misspelled as morrisii but this spelling is not in prevailing usage and the original spelling is therefore valid under ICZN Article 33.4.
Cerosterna is a genus of flat-faced longhorns beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lamiinae. The members are found in the Indomalayan realm. The name is commonly misspelled as Celosterna, an unjustified emendation of the original spelling, not valid under the ICZN.
Apodasya is a genus of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, named by Pascoe in 1863. The genus name Chaetosoma was published first, but this older name has been declared unavailable under the ICZN.
Mimonephelotes enganensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Mimonephelotes. It was described by Breuning in 1970. Breuning mistakenly thought the name was a junior homonym of the genus Mimonephelotus and proposed a replacement name, Mimanhammus in 1971, but under the ICZN the two names are not homonyms, so the original genus name is valid.
Batocera armata is a species of flat-faced longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae of the family Cerambycidae. While originally named as "Cerambyx thomae" by Voet in 1778, no name was validly published for this species until 1800; Voet's 1778 work fails to fulfill the requirement in ICZN Article 11.4 that a work must be consistently binominal, and all names within that work are unavailable.
Aristobia voeti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1878. Although the name was originally spelled as "voetii", this spelling was not in use between 1894 and 2014, and therefore the spelling "voeti" must be preserved under ICZN Article 33.3.1, as this is the spelling that is in prevailing usage. It is known from Laos, China and Myanmar.
Aristobia reticulator is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is known from Myanmar, India, China, Laos, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Vietnam. It feeds on Prunus persica, Liquidambar formosana, Quercus acutissima, Prunus salicina, and Nephelium mutabile. Many references list the name as Aristobia testudo, but this name, though published earlier, is unavailable under the ICZN, primarily in that Johann Eusebius Voet's 1778 work giving the name testudo fails to fulfill the requirement in ICZN Article 11.4 that a work must be consistently binominal; none of Voet's 1778 names, including testudo, are available.
Sternotomis chrysopras is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It has a wide distribution in Africa. It feeds on Artocarpus altilis, Theobroma cacao, Coffea liberica, and Coffea canephora. While originally named by Voet in 1778, the name was not validly published until 1844; Voet's 1778 work fails to fulfill the requirement in ICZN Article 11.4 that a work must be consistently binominal; none of Voet's 1778 names, including S. chrysopras, are available.
Apodasya pilosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Chevrolat in 1843. The species was renamed by Pascoe in 1863 when he replaced the genus name, but Pascoe's usage has been declared a junior subjective synonym under the ICZN, and the authority remains with Chevrolat.
