| Trithuria konkanensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Hydatellaceae |
| Genus: | Trithuria |
| Species: | T. konkanensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Trithuria konkanensis | |
 | |
| Trithuria konkanensis is endemic to India [1] | |
Trithuria konkanensis is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to India. [1] [2]
It is an annual, green to red, aquatic, 1.3 cm tall herb with numerous linear, erect or spread out, 12 mm long, and 0.8 mm wide leaves produced on reduced stems. The roots are fibrous and unbranched. [3] [4]
It is a monoecious species with numerous, bisexual reproductive units. The reproductive units consist of up to 2 mm long peduncles, two linear, 5 mm long, and 0.6 mm wide bracts, as well as 15-20 carpels, which surround the single, red, central stamen. [4] The pollen grains are 16.1–21.1 μm long, and 14.6–18.1 μm wide. [5] It can self-pollinate, [5] [6] but cross-pollination could possibly also occur. [5] Flowering and fruiting occurs from August to September. [2]
It is a tetraploid species with a chromosome count of 2n = 40. [5]
It is endemic to India. [1] This is unusual for its genus, as it is the only species occurring outside of Australia and New Zealand. [7]
It was described by Shrirang Ramchandra Yadav and Malapati Kuppuswamy Janarthanam in 1994. [4] [1] The type specimen was collected by S. R. Yadav and M. K. Janarthanam in Maharashtra, India on the 20th of September 1993. [4] It is placed in Trithuria sect. Hamannia. [6] [8]
The specific epithet konkanensis references the Konkan region, from which the type specimen was collected. [4]
Its habitat consists of ephemeral bodies of water. The substrate is sand and gravel. It occurs sympatrically with Utricularia , Cyperus , Dimeria , and Eriocaulon . [4] The temperature in its habitat ranges from 18 to 35 °C. [3]
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae. It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging grade of flowering plants. At least 10 morphological characters unite the Nymphaeales. One of the traits is the absence of a vascular cambium, which is required to produce both xylem (wood) and phloem, which therefore are missing. Molecular synapomorphies are also known.
Amborella is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Amborellales and contains a single species, Amborella trichopoda. Amborella is of great interest to plant systematists because molecular phylogenetic analyses consistently place it as the sister group to all other flowering plants, meaning it was the earliest group to evolve separately from all other flowering plants.
The Cabombaceae are a family of aquatic, herbaceous flowering plants. A common name for its species is water shield. The family is recognised as distinct in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016). The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, Brasenia and Cabomba, totalling six species.
Hydatellaceae are a family of small, aquatic flowering plants. The family consists of tiny, relatively simple plants occurring in Australasia and India. It was formerly considered to be related to the grasses and sedges, but has been reassigned to the order Nymphaeales as a result of DNA and morphological analyses showing that it represents one of the earliest groups to split off in flowering-plant phylogeny, rather than having a close relationship to monocots, which it bears a superficial resemblance to due to convergent evolution. The family includes only the genus Trithuria, which has at least 13 species, although species diversity in the family has probably been substantially underestimated.
Trithuria is a genus of small ephemeral aquatic herb that represent the only members of the family Hydatellaceae found in India, Australia, and New Zealand. All 13 described species of Trithuria are found in Australia, with the exception of T. inconspicua and T. konkanensis, from New Zealand and India respectively. Until DNA sequence data and a reinterpretation of morphology proved otherwise, these plants were believed to be monocots related to the grasses (Poaceae). They are unique in being the only plants besides two members of Triuridaceae in which the stamens are centred and surrounded by the pistils; in Hydatellaceae the resulting 'flowers' may instead represent condensed inflorescences or non-flowers.
The basal angiosperms are the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular, the most basal angiosperms were called the ANITA grade, which is made up of Amborella, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales.
Trithuria inconspicua is a small aquatic herb of the family Hydatellaceae that is only found in New Zealand.
Terry Desmond Macfarlane is a botanist and taxonomist, who has worked in both Australia and Peru. A senior research scientist at the Western Australian Herbarium, Macfarlane is associate editor of its journal Nuytsia and currently collaborates with researchers across Australia and in Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Russia, Spain and United Kingdom. He was also involved in the development of FloraBase, the Western Australian flora database.
Trithuria austinensis is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Western Australia.
Trithuria australis is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Western Australia.
Trithuria bibracteata is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Western Australia.
Trithuria cookeana is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia.
Trithuria cowieana is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia.
Trithuria filamentosa is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Tasmania, Australia.
Trithuria fitzgeraldii is a species of aquatic plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Western Australia.
Trithuria lanterna is a species of plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Australia.
Trithuria occidentalis is a species of plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Western Australia.
Trithuria polybracteata is a species of plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to Western Australia.
Trithuria submersa is a species of plant in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to the Australian states New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia.
Trithuria inconspicua subsp. brevistyla is a subspecies of Trithuria inconspicua in the family Hydatellaceae endemic to the South Island of New Zealand.