Turbinaria stellulata

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Turbinaria stellulata
Turbinaria cf. stellulata.jpg
T. stellulata with polyps extended
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hexacorallia
Order: Scleractinia
Family: Dendrophylliidae
Genus: Turbinaria
Species:
T. stellulata
Binomial name
Turbinaria stellulata
(Lamarck, 1816) [2]
Synonyms [2]
List
  • Astraea stellulata Lamarck, 1816
  • Astrea stellulata Lamarck, 1816
  • Astreopora stellulata (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Turbinaria carinataNemenzo, 1971
  • Turbinaria elegans Bernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria globularis Bernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria hemisphaerica Rehberg, 1892
  • Turbinaria mantonae Crossland, 1952
  • Turbinaria nitidaNemenzo, 1960
  • Turbinaria stephensoni Crossland, 1952
  • Turbinaria subversa Bernard, 1896
  • Turbinaria titizimaensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941

Turbinaria stellulata, also known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "vulnerable".

Contents

Description

Turbinaria stellulata tends to be submassive with encrusting margins and does not produce vertical structures to any extent.[ citation needed ] The corallites are about 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter and have thick walls. This coral is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It is usually some shade of brown or green, but other colours sometimes occur, depending on which species of symbiont is present. [2] [3] Colonies are dome-shaped and grow to a diameter of about 50 cm (20 in). [1]

Distribution and habitat

Turbinaria stellulata occurs in the Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from the Red Sea and Madagascar to tropical Australia, southern Japan and the South China Sea. It occurs on upper reef slopes at depths from 2 to 15 metres (6 to 50 ft ), and unlike other corals in its genus Turbinaria , it seems to avoid turbid water. [1]

Biology

As a zooxanthellate coral, Turbinaria stellulata gets part of its nutritional needs from the photosynthetic symbionts in its tissues, but also extends its polyps to feed, mostly at night. Colonies are either male or female and are broadcast spawners. All the colonies in an area liberate their eggs and sperm into the sea in a spawning event which is synchronised with the phases of the moon. The planula larvae that develop form part of the plankton and eventually settle in a suitable location on the seabed. [3]

Status

In general, the threats that stony corals face include global climate change with the resulting rise in the temperature of sea water, ocean acidification, increased severity of storms which damage reefs, increased frequency of El Niño events, coral bleaching and the increasing incidence of coral diseases. The population trend of Turbinaria stellulata has not been monitored but as a shallow water coral it is affected by these factors. It has a wide range but is an uncommon species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "vulnerable". [1]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Alveopora spongiosa</i> Species of coral

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<i>Turbinaria</i> (coral) Genus of corals

Turbinaria is a genus of colonial stony corals in the family Dendrophylliidae. Common names for this genus include disc coral, scroll coral, cup coral, vase coral, pagoda coral and ruffled ridge coral. These corals are native to the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Japan and the south Central Pacific Ocean.

<i>Turbinaria reniformis</i> Species of coral

Turbinaria reniformis, commonly known as yellow scroll coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "vulnerable".

<i>Turbinaria mesenterina</i> Species of coral

Turbinaria mesenterina, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "vulnerable".

<i>Turbinaria peltata</i> Species of cnidarian

Turbinaria peltata, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "vulnerable".

<i>Turbinaria bifrons</i> Species of coral

Turbinaria bifrons, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. This is an uncommon species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "vulnerable".

<i>Turbinaria frondens</i> Species of coral

Turbinaria frondens, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues.

Turbinaria conspicua, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial a stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. Found abundant in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific region, including Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia. It is a zooxanthellaa coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It was studied by Bernard in 1896 and he rated it as a least concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

<i>Turbinaria irregularis</i> Species of coral

Turbinaria irregularis, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region and is rated as a least-concern species. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It was described by Bernard in 1896 and is found at depths of 5 to 20 metres in shallow rocky areas and reefs.

Turbinaria radicalis, also known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the central Indo-Pacific, tropical and sub-tropical Australia, the South China Sea, northern Australia and the West Pacific. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It is a rare coral throughout its range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "near-threatened".

Turbinaria heronensis, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region where it occurs in shallow water in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, the Philippines and Australia. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It is an uncommon species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has rated it as "vulnerable". It was described by Wells in 1958.

<i>Turbinaria patula</i> Species of coral

Turbinaria patula, commonly known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region, being found in the eastern Indian Ocean, northern Australia, the South China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean. It is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It is an uncommon species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has rated it as a "vulnerable" species.

<i>Favites pentagona</i> Species of stony coral in the family Merulinidae

Favites pentagona is a species of stony coral in the family Merulinidae, sometimes known as larger star coral. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region and its range extends from the Red Sea through the Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific Ocean. This is a common species throughout its wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

<i>Seriatopora hystrix</i> Species of coral

Seriatopora hystrix is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Pocilloporidae. It forms a branching clump and is commonly known as thin birdsnest coral. It grows in shallow water on fore-reef slopes or in sheltered lagoons, the type locality being the Red Sea. It is native to East Africa, the Red Sea and the western Indo-Pacific region. It is a common species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

<i>Goniastrea favulus</i> Species of coral

Goniastrea favulus, also known as the lesser star coral, is a species of stony coral in the family Merulinidae. It occurs in shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region. This is an uncommon species of coral and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "near threatened".

<i>Heliofungia actiniformis</i> Species of coral

Heliofungia actiniformis is a solitary species of mushroom coral, a large polyp stony coral in the family Fungiidae. This coral is found in shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region. It is a zooxanthellate species. It is a popular coral in the reef aquarium trade; wild populations are threatened by disease, climate change, and over-collecting, and the species is considered vulnerable by the IUCN.

Horastrea is a monotypic genus of stony coral in the family Coscinaraeidae. It is represented by the single species Horastrea indica, the blister coral. It is native to the southwestern Indian Ocean where it is found in shallow water sandy reefs. It was first described by M Pichon in 1971. It is an uncommon coral and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as being a "vulnerable species".

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hoeksema, B.W.; Rogers, A.; Quibilan, M.C. (2014). "Turbinaria stellulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T133403A54253005. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T133403A54253005.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Hoeksema, B. (2015). "Turbinaria stellulata (Lamarck, 1816)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2015-04-19.
  3. 1 2 "Turbinaria coral (Turbinaria stellulata)". EDGE of Existence programme . Retrieved 2015-04-20.
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