| Fourth Shamir Cabinet | |
|---|---|
 24th cabinet of Israel | |
 | |
| Date formed | 11 June 1990 |
| Date dissolved | 13 July 1992 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | Chaim Herzog |
| Head of government | Yitzhak Shamir |
| Member parties | Likud Tzomet (until 31 December 1991) Shas National Religious Party Moledet (until 21 January 1992) Agudat Yisrael Unity for Peace and Immigration New Liberal Party Geulat Yisrael Degel HaTorah Tehiya (until 21 January 1992) Alignment (one person) |
| Status in legislature | Right-wing Coalition |
| Opposition party | Israeli Labor Party |
| Opposition leader | Shimon Peres |
| History | |
| Legislature term(s) | 12th Knesset |
| Predecessor | 23rd Cabinet of Israel |
| Successor | 25th Cabinet of Israel |
The twenty-fourth government of Israel was formed by Yitzhak Shamir of Likud on 11 June 1990. [1] This followed the failure of Alignment leader Shimon Peres to form a government, after the Alignment had pulled out of the previous national unity coalition, in an incident which became known as the dirty trick.
Yitzhak Shamir was an Israeli politician and the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms, 1983–84 and 1986–1992. Before the establishment of the state of Israel, Shamir was a leader of the Zionist militant group Lehi. After the establishment of the Israeli state he served in the Mossad between 1955 and 1965, and as a Knesset Member, a Knesset Speaker and a Foreign Affairs Minister. Shamir was the country's third longest-serving prime minister after David Ben-Gurion and Benjamin Netanyahu.
Likud, officially the Likud – National Liberal Movement, is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel. A secular party, it was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon in an alliance with several right-wing parties. Likud's landslide victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had lost power. In addition, it was the first time in Israel that a right-wing party won the plurality of the votes. However, after ruling the country for most of the 1980s, the party lost the Knesset election in 1992. Nevertheless, Likud's candidate Benjamin Netanyahu did win the vote for Prime Minister in 1996 and was given the task of forming a government after the 1996 elections. Netanyahu's government fell apart after a vote of no confidence, which led to elections being called in 1999 and Likud losing power to the One Israel coalition led by Ehud Barak.
Shimon Peres was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel (2007–2014), the Prime Minister of Israel (twice), and the Interim Prime Minister, in the 1970s to the 1990s. He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, was in office continuously until he was elected President in 2007. At the time of his retirement in 2014, he was the world's oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israel's founding generation.
Contents
Shamir's coalition included Likud, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Yisrael, Degel HaTorah, the New Liberal Party, Tehiya, Tzomet, Moledet, Unity for Peace and Immigration and Geulat Yisrael, and held 62 of the 120 seats in the Knesset. Some authors (including political scientist Clive A. Jones and historians Avi Shlaim and Benny Morris [2] ) later asserted that the 24th government of Israel was the most right-wing government in the country's history. Tehiya, Tzomet and Moledet all left the coalition in late 1991 and early 1992 in protest at Shamir's participation in the Madrid Conference, but the government remained in office until Yitzhak Rabin formed the twenty-fifth government, following the Labor Party's victory in the 1992 elections.
The National Religious Party was a political party in Israel representing the religious Zionist movement. Formed in 1956, at the time of its dissolution in 2008, it was the second-oldest surviving party in the country after Agudat Yisrael, and was part of every government coalition until 1992. Traditionally a practical centrist party, in its later years, it drifted to the right, becoming increasingly associated with Israeli settlers, and towards the end of its existence, it was part of a political alliance with the strongly right-wing National Union. The 2006 elections saw the party slump to just three seats, the worst electoral performance in its history. In November 2008, party members voted to disband the party in order to join the new Jewish Home party created by a merger of the NRP and most of the National Union factions. However, most of the National Union left the merger shortly after its implementation.
Shas is an ultra-Orthodox religious political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 under the leadership of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013, it primarily represents the interests of Haredi Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews. The party works to end prejudice and discrimination against the Sephardic community, and highlights economic issues and social justice.
Agudat Yisrael is an ultra-Orthodox Jewish political party in Israel. It began as a political party representing ultra-Orthodox Jews in Poland, originating in the Agudath Israel movement in Upper Silesia. It later became the Party of many Haredim in Israel. It was the umbrella party for many, though not all, Haredi Jews in Israel until the 1980s, as it had been during the British Mandate of Palestine.
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