UBTF

Last updated
UBTF
Protein UBTF PDB 1k99.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases UBTF , NOR-90, UBF, UBF-1, UBF1, UBF2, upstream binding transcription factor, RNA polymerase I, CONDBA, upstream binding transcription factor
External IDs OMIM: 600673 MGI: 98512 HomoloGene: 7970 GeneCards: UBTF
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001076683
NM_001076684
NM_014233

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001070151
NP_001070152
NP_055048

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 44.21 – 44.22 Mb Chr 11: 102.2 – 102.21 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF), or upstream binding factor (UBF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBTF gene. [5] [6]

Gene

In humans, the UBTF gene encodes a 764 amino acid protein and is located on chromosome 17 at position q21.31. [7] [8] In mice, UBTF is found on chromosome 11 [ citation needed ].

Structure

UBTF contains six high mobility group boxes (HMG-boxes) that allow it to bind to DNA. [9] UBTF also contains a hyperacidic carboxy-terminal domain, which is required for transcription activation, and a helix-gap-helix dimersation motif (as UBTF is thought to often act as a dimer). [9] [10]

In humans, alternative splicing can give rise to either the UBTF1 or UBTF2 isoform which are 97 kD and 94 kD in mass, respectively [11] UBTF2 lacks exon 8 of the larger UBTF1 isoform which encodes a portion of HMG Box 2. [12]

Function

UBTF is a transcription factor required for expression of the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S ribosomal RNAs, along with SL1 (a complex of TBP (MIM 600075) and three TBP-associated factors or 'TAFs')[ citation needed ].

UBTF is a nucleolar phosphoprotein with both DNA binding and transactivation domains. Sequence-specific DNA binding to the core and upstream control elements of the human rRNA promoter is mediated through several HMG boxes. [13] [supplied by OMIM] [6]

In vertebrates, UBTF plays a crucial role in maintaining rDNA chromatin in a euchromatic state. Consequently, UBTF binding is one of the characteristics of euchromatic, transcriptionally active rDNA repeats. [14]

UBTF2 has been found to regulate mRNA transcription by RNA Polymerase II. [9]

Clinical significance

UBTF may have a role in cancer. Increased UBF binding to rDNA has been observed in cancer cells and is associated with elevated rDNA transcription and tumor cell survival. [15] Supporting this, it was found that cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, can displace UBTF from rDNA, causing a reduction in rRNA synthesis and subsequent p53-independent apoptosis. [16]

Additionally, UBTF has been found to facilitate melanoma by promoting GIT1 expression which, in turn, activates MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathways. [17]

UBTF may also be important to neurological functioning. A de novo gain-of-function mutation to UBTF (c.628G>A) has been found to cause developmental neuroregression. [12] This mutation replaces glutamic acid with lysine at position 210 of the polypeptide chain (p.Glu210Lys) which results in a stronger UBTF interaction with DNA. [18] In 2022, another likely pathogenic variant (Gln203Arg) was identified in a proband with severe early-onset developmental delay.. [19]

Interactions

UBTF has been shown to interact with:

Related Research Articles

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References

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  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020923 - Ensembl, May 2017
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  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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  12. 1 2 Toro C, Hori RT, Malicdan MC, Tifft CJ, Goldstein A, et al. (Feb 2018). "A recurrent de novo missense mutation in UBTF causes developmental neuroregression". EMBO J. 27 (4): 691–705. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddx435. PMC   5886272 . PMID   29300972.
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Further reading