USS Makin Island (LHD-8)

Last updated

Amphibious assault ship USS Makin Island (LHD 8) (cropped).jpg
USS Makin Island departs Naval Base San Diego, 2011
History
Flag of the United States.svgUnited States
NameUSS Makin Island
Namesake Makin Island
Awarded19 April 2002 [1]
Builder Ingalls Shipbuilding [1]
Laid down14 February 2004 [1]
Sponsored byMrs. Silke Hagee, wife of Michael Hagee
Christened19 August 2006
Launched22 September 2006 [1]
Acquired16 April 2009 [2]
Commissioned24 October 2009 [3]
Homeport San Diego, California [3]
Identification
Motto Gung Ho
Statusin active service
Badge USS Makin Island COA.png
General characteristics
Type Wasp -class Landing Helicopter Dock (LHD) amphibious assault ship
Displacement40,500 long tons (41,150 t) full load
Length843 ft (257 m)
Beam104 ft (31.8 m)
Draft27 ft (8.1 m)
Installed power2 × 35,000 shp (26,000 kW) gas turbines (GE – LM 2500+) 2 x 5,000 shp (3,700 kW) electric motors 6 × 4,000 kW diesel generators (Fairbanks Morse Engines)
Propulsion Hybrid electric propulsion (CODLOG) driving two shafts 70,000 shaft horsepower (52,000  kW), 2 × 16.5 ft (5.0 m) diameter controllable pitch propellers (Rolls-Royce)
Speed28  kn (52 km/h; 32 mph)
Range9,500 nautical miles (17,600 km; 10,900 mi) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Well deck dimensions266-by-50-foot (81 by 15.2 m) by 28-foot (8.5 m) high
Boats & landing
craft carried
Troops1,687 troops (plus 184 surge) Marine detachment
Complement1,208
Sensors and
processing systems
Armament
Aircraft carried

USS Makin Island (LHD-8), a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship, is the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Makin Island, target of the Marine Raiders' Makin Island raid early on in the United States' involvement in World War II.

Contents

Makin Island's task is to embark, deploy, and land elements of a Marine Corps landing force in an amphibious assault by helicopters, landing craft, and amphibious vehicles. The secondary or convertible mission for Makin Island is sea control and power projection. [5]

Design and construction

Makin Island is the eighth ship of the Wasp class, but features noteworthy technological advances. Changes from the previous LHD design include gas turbine main propulsion engines, all-electric auxiliaries, an advanced machinery control system, water-mist fire-protection systems, and the Navy's most advanced command and control and combat systems equipment. The new propulsion system allows the engines to be directly controlled from the throttles on the bridge, replacing the traditional engine order telegraphs on the earlier Wasp-class LHDs.

Makin Island was laid down on 14 February 2004 at Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi. The vessel has a light displacement of 28,176 long tons (28,628  t ) and a full-load displacement of 41,684 long tons (42,353 t) with a dead weight is 13,508 long tons (13,725 t). She has an overall length of 847 feet (258 m) and a waterline length of 778 feet (237 m). [note 1] The extreme beam is 118 feet (36 m) with the beam at the waterline being 106 feet (32 m) and the draft is 28 feet (8.5 m). Her maximum speed is 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph). [1]

The ship's armament consists of two RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile launchers, two RIM-7 Sea Sparrow surface-to-air missile launchers, three Mk 38 25-mm close-in guns, two Mk 15 Phalanx CIWS, four M2 Browning .50 caliber machine guns, and a ceremonial gun. [6]

Makin Island is the eighth Wasp-class amphibious assault ships to be ordered for the U.S. Navy, but differs from her older sister ships in her propulsion system. The previous Wasp-class vessels used steam boilers and steam turbines to drive the propellers, while Makin Island is the first U.S. Navy vessel to use a hybrid propulsion system consisting of a combined diesel electric and gas turbine propulsion system. [7]

Makin Island has two 35,000 shaft horsepower (26,000 kW) General Electric LM 2500+ gas turbines each connected to a separate 20:1 ratio main reduction gear, which then drive two 16-foot-6-inch (5.03 m) diameter Rolls-Royce controllable pitch propellers. [8] Gas turbines have a high power-to-weight ratio compared to steam or diesel power, but are only efficient near their maximum power output. In Makin Island, the gas turbines are used to power the ship above 12 knots. Below 12 knots, ship propulsion is provided by two 5,000-shaft-horsepower (3,700 kW) AC electric motors connected to a second input shaft on the main reduction gears. When powered by the electric motors, the gas turbines are decoupled from the main reduction gear and braked to prevent spinning. When the gas turbines are engaged, the electric motors are similarly decoupled from the drive system. The propeller shafts can be driven at lower speeds by slowing down the electric motors. Variable drive speed is achieved with an Alstom variable frequency drive system. Power for the electric motors comes from the ship's service electrical system, which is provided by six 4000 kW generators powered by Fairbanks Morse diesel engines. [9]

In conventional Navy ships, the steam boiler drives both the propellers and ship service steam turbine generators to provide electric power for the vessel. The boilers also provide steam to heat the ship in colder climates. Since Makin Island does not have steam boilers, she uses the diesel electric generators for all shipboard power services. Specifically, instead of steam heating, she uses electric heating for laundry and hot water supply as well as for heating interior compartments in cold climates.

The gas turbine propulsion plant, with all electric auxiliaries, is a program first for large-deck amphibious assault ships and provides significant savings in manpower and maintenance costs associated with traditional steam-powered amphibious ships. The ship carries four reverse-osmosis water-purification systems, each capable of processing 50,000 US gallons (190,000 L) of fresh water per day. [10]

The same propulsion systems experimented with in Makin Island will also be used on the America-class amphibious assault ships. [11] [12]

She was christened on 19 August 2006, sponsored by Silke Hagee, wife of General Michael Hagee, Commandant of the Marine Corps, and launched on 15 September 2006. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, U.S. Navy officials announced that several ships under construction at Ingalls Shipbuilding had been damaged by the storm, including Makin Island and two Arleigh Burke-class destroyers. The ship's completion was delayed due to rewiring during 2008 to repair incorrect wiring installation. [10]

Service history

2009

Makin Island was delivered to the U.S. Navy on 16 April 2009 and was commissioned at Pascagoula, Mississippi, without ceremony on 26 June 2009 with Captain Bob Kopas in command. [3]

Makin Island deployed 10 July 2009 and sailed around South America via the Strait of Magellan, in which the crew continued to train, obtaining underway certifications in preparation for her arrival in San Diego. During the deployment, Makin Island conducted theater security cooperation activities with Brazil, Chile, and Peru, focusing on working closely with partner nation civilian and maritime forces to share methods and training. [3] She arrived in her home port of San Diego on 14 September 2009. Captain Kopas stated in an interview on local radio that Makin Island had saved about US$2 million in fuel, compared with a conventional propulsion system, on her voyage from Mississippi around South America to San Diego.

Her formal commissioning ceremony took place on 24 October 2009 at Naval Air Station North Island, Coronado, near San Diego. [2] [13] Six USMC veterans of the Makin Island raid attended the ceremony. [14]

2010

Damage to a turning gear delayed the ship's final check-out trials from August to September 2010. [15]

Makin Island visited San Francisco in October 2010 as part of the city's 2010 Fleet Week festivities. [16] She returned to Fleet Week in 2012 after her maiden deployment to the 5th and 7th Fleet area of operations. [17] [18] [19]

2014

On 1 October 2014, during the early months of Operation Inherent Resolve, Makin Island was part of a naval task force in the northern Gulf with the 11th MEU embarked and engaged in active battle operations against ISIS. Shortly after take-off, an MV-22 lost power and dropped towards the water's surface, prompting two of the crew on board to bail out into the water. The pilot was ultimately able to regain control and land, while other aircraft, watercraft, and ships from the task force began search and rescue efforts. One of the two crewmembers was found. The other, a marine NCO, was eventually declared lost, and later determined to be the first American casualty of the operation. [20]

During the December 2014 US hostage rescue operation in Yemen, wounded hostages were flown to the ship for medical treatment while she was posted in the Gulf of Aden. [21] [22]

2016

In 2016 Makin Island was dispatched to rescue the solo sailor aboard the Chinese vessel Qingdao China. 161026-N-TN558-061 161026-N-TN558-061.jpg
In 2016 Makin Island was dispatched to rescue the solo sailor aboard the Chinese vessel Qingdao China .

In October 2016 Makin Island was deployed alongside the US Coast Guard to search for missing Chinese sailor Guo Chuan, who was attempting to break the world record for solo sailing from San Francisco to Shanghai. [23] Makin Island reached his yacht, Qingdao China, on 27 October, but found her adrift with no sign of the sailor, roughly 620 miles (1,000 km) northwest of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. [24] [25] After searching an area of 4,600 square miles (12,000 km2) without locating the missing sailor, Makin Island's crew recovered his personal items and left the yacht for later salvage. [26] [27]

Hybrid diesel electric propulsion

Makin Island departed on her maiden deployment as the US Navy's first hybrid-drive warship: part gas-turbine and part diesel-electric. [28] About 70% of the time Makin Island can use diesel-electric propulsion, saving on fuel as diesel engines are optimized for cruising, and consume much less fuel than gas turbines. When she needs to travel quickly, at 12 knots or more, the gas turbines are used. This arrangement is also known as combined diesel-electric or gas.

On an average day, Makin Island uses 15,000 US gallons (57,000 L) of fuel, versus 35,000 to 40,000 US gallons (130,000–150,000 L) on an older steam ship of its type, according to Captain James Landers, commanding officer. [28]

The downside is the logistical "tail", which means it takes a while to get parts. Further, the ship is software dependent, which is an independent source of failure. [28]

Internal heating is provided by electrical, instead of steam, heaters. At temperatures above 20 °F (−7 °C) excess heating capacity can be reallocated for additional electric propulsion. [8]

Awards

Notes

  1. ↑ Sources differ on the overall length of Makin Island. The length included here is from the Naval Vessel Register and is therefore considered the most accurate.

Related Research Articles

<i>Tarawa</i>-class amphibious assault ship Class of US amphibious assault ships

The Tarawa class is a ship class of Landing Helicopter Assault (LHA) type amphibious assault ships operated by the United States Navy (USN). Five ships were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding between 1971 and 1980; another four ships were planned, but later canceled; instead they were joined by the Wasp-class amphibious assault ships.

USS <i>Boxer</i> (LHD-4) Amphibious assault ship

USS Boxer (LHD-4) is a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship of the United States Navy. She is the sixth U.S. ship to bear the name of the original HMS Boxer, which was captured from the British during the War of 1812.

<i>Wasp</i>-class amphibious assault ship Class of American amphibious assault ships

The Wasp-class is a class of landing helicopter dock (LHD) amphibious assault ships operated by the United States Navy. Based on the Tarawa class, with modifications to operate more advanced aircraft and landing craft, the Wasp-class is capable of transporting almost the full strength of a United States Marine Corps Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), and landing them in hostile territory via landing craft or helicopters as well as providing air support via AV-8B Harrier II attack aircraft or F-35B Lightning II stealth strike-fighters. All Wasp-class ships were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding, at Pascagoula, Mississippi, with the lead ship, USS Wasp, commissioned on 29 July 1989. Eight Wasp-class ships were built, and as of April 2021, seven are in active service, as USS Bonhomme Richard was seriously damaged by fire on 12 July 2020, and subsequently decommissioned in April 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ingalls Shipbuilding</span> Shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi

Ingalls Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of HII. It is a leading producer of ships for the United States Navy, and, as of 2023, is the largest private employer in Mississippi.

USS <i>New Orleans</i> (LPD-18) US Navy amphibious transport ship

USS New Orleans (LPD-18), a San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock, is the fourth commissioned ship of the United States Navy to be named after the city of New Orleans, Louisiana.

USS <i>Wasp</i> (LHD-1) US Navy amphibious assault ship

USS Wasp (LHD-1) is a United States Navy multipurpose amphibious assault ship, and the lead ship of her class. She is the tenth USN vessel to bear the name since 1775, with the last two ships named Wasp being aircraft carriers. She was built by the Ingalls Shipbuilding division of Litton in Pascagoula, Mississippi. Wasp and her sister ships are the first specifically designed to accommodate new Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) for fast troop movement over the beach, and Harrier II (AV-8B) Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL) jets which provide close air support for the assault force. She can also accommodate the full range of Navy and Marine Corps helicopters, the tiltrotor MV-22 Osprey, the F-35B Lightning II multi-role fighter, conventional landing craft, and amphibious vehicles.

Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Makin Island, named for Makin Island, target of the U.S. Marine Raiders' raid early in World War II.

USS <i>Essex</i> (LHD-2) Wasp-class amphibious assault ship of the US Navy

USS Essex (LHD-2) is a Wasp-class Landing Helicopter Dock (LHD) in service with the United States Navy. The amphibious assault ship was built at what is now Huntington Ingalls Industries in Pascagoula, Mississippi. She was launched 23 February 1991 and commissioned on 17 October 1992 while moored at Naval Air Station (NAS) North Island. She is the fifth ship named for Essex County, Massachusetts. Essex served as the command ship for Expeditionary Strike Group Seven until replaced by USS Bonhomme Richard on 23 April 2012.

<i>Mahan</i>-class destroyer Former class of US Navy destroyers

Mahan-class destroyers of the United States Navy were a series of 18 destroyers of which the first 16 were laid down in 1934. The last two of the 18, Dunlap and Fanning, are sometimes considered a separate ship class. All 18 were commissioned in 1936 and 1937. Mahan was the lead ship, named for Rear Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan, an influential historian and theorist on sea power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Electric LM2500</span> Industrial and marine gas turbine produced by GE Aerospace

The General Electric LM2500 is an industrial and marine gas turbine produced by GE Aviation. The LM2500 is a derivative of the General Electric CF6 aircraft engine.

Navantia is a Spanish state-owned shipbuilding dedicated to civil and military naval construction, the design of deep-tech systems and the manufacture of structures for the renewable energy sector, such as offshore wind or hydrogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Combined diesel–electric and gas</span> Modification of the combined diesel and gas propulsion system for ships

Combined diesel-electric and gas (CODLAG) is a modification of the combined diesel and gas propulsion system for ships. A variant, called the combined diesel-electric or gas (CODLOG) system, contains the same basic elements but will not allow simultaneous use of the alternative drive sources.

<i>America</i>-class amphibious assault ship Amphibious Assault Ship

The America class is a ship class of landing helicopter assault (LHA) type amphibious assault ships for the United States Navy (USN). The class is designed to put ashore a Marine Expeditionary Unit using helicopters and MV-22B Osprey V/STOL transport aircraft, supported by AV-8B Harrier II or F-35 Lightning II V/STOL aircraft and various attack helicopters. The first of these warships was commissioned by the U.S. Navy in 2014 to replace USS Peleliu of the Tarawa class; as many as eleven will be built. The design of the America class is based on that of USS Makin Island, the last ship of the Wasp class, but the "Flight 0" ships of the America class will not have well decks, and have smaller on-board hospitals to provide more space for aviation uses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine propulsion</span> Systems for generating thrust for ships and boats on water

Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a watercraft through water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting of an electric motor or internal combustion engine driving a propeller, or less frequently, in pump-jets, an impeller. Marine engineering is the discipline concerned with the engineering design process of marine propulsion systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Expeditionary strike group</span> Organizational unit within the US Navy

In the United States Navy, the expeditionary strike group (ESG) is a coordinated group of surface ships, aircraft, submarines, and other naval assets. In contrast to carrier strike groups (CSGs), which emphasize air power and are led by a supercarrier, ESGs are strongly suited for amphibious warfare and are led by an amphibious assault ship. The ESG concept was introduced in the early 1990s, based on the Naval Expeditionary Task Force. The U.S. Navy fields nine expeditionary strike groups.

USS <i>America</i> (LHA-6) America-class amphibious assault ship

USS America (LHA-6), is an amphibious assault ship of the United States Navy and the lead ship of the America-class amphibious assault ship. The fourth U.S. warship to be named for the United States of America, she was delivered in spring of 2014, replacing Peleliu of the Tarawa class. Her mission is to act as the flagship of an expeditionary strike group or amphibious ready group, carrying part of a Marine expeditionary unit into battle and putting them ashore with helicopters and V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft, supported by F-35B Lightning II aircraft and helicopter gunships.

HMAS <i>Canberra</i> (L02) Royal Australian Navy helicopter landing ship

HMAS Canberra (L02) is the first ship of the Canberra-class landing helicopter dock in service with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and is the second largest in the Navy, succeeded by its sister ship HMAS Adelaide. Construction of the ship started in Spain in 2008, with the hull launched by Navantia in 2011. The hull was then transported to Australia in late 2012 for completion by BAE Systems Australia. Canberra was commissioned on 28 November 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integrated electric propulsion</span> Arrangement of marine propulsion systems that generators generate electricity

Integrated electric propulsion (IEP), full electric propulsion (FEP) or integrated full electric propulsion (IFEP) is an arrangement of marine propulsion systems such that gas turbines or diesel generators or both generate three-phase electricity which is then used to power electric motors turning either propellers or waterjet impellors. It is a modification of the combined diesel-electric and gas propulsion system for ships which eliminates the need for clutches and reduces or eliminates the need for gearboxes by using electrical transmission rather than mechanical transmission of energy, so it is a series hybrid electric propulsion, instead of parallel.

HMAS <i>Adelaide</i> (L01) Landing helicopter dock (ship) of the Royal Australian Navy (launched 2012)

HMAS Adelaide (L01) is the second of two Canberra-class landing helicopter dock (LHD) ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and is the largest naval vessel ever built for Australia. Construction of the ship started at Navantia's Spanish shipyard, with steel-cutting in February 2010. The ship was laid down in February 2011, and launched on 4 July 2012. Delivery to Australia for fitting out at BAE Systems Australia's facilities in Victoria was scheduled for 2013, but did not occur until early 2014. Despite construction delays and predictions, the ship was commissioned in December 2015.

USS <i>Tripoli</i> (LHA-7) America-class amphibious assault ship

USS Tripoli (LHA-7) is the second America-class amphibious assault ship built for the United States Navy. On 7 May 2012, United States Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced the ship's name as Tripoli, in honor of the US Marine Corps victory against Tripoli at the Battle of Derna during the First Barbary War. This is the third US Naval ship to carry the name, the first being USS Tripoli (CVE-64), an escort carrier from World War II and the second being USS Tripoli (LPH-10), an amphibious assault ship that served during the Cold War.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "USS Makin Island (LHD 8)". Naval Vessel Register . United States Navy. 3 June 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
  2. 1 2 Team Ships Public Affairs (17 April 2009). "Navy Accepts Delivery of Future USS Makin Island" (Press release). Washington, DC: Navy News Service. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Makin Island Begins Transit to San Diego Homeport" (Press release). Pascagoula, Mississippi: Navy News Service. 11 July 2009. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
  4. ↑ "Fact File: Amphibious Assault Ships - LHD/LHA(R)". United States Navy. 13 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  5. ↑ "LHD-1 Wasp class". Federation of American Scientists . 9 May 2000. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  6. ↑ "USS Makin Island Ship's Characteristics". USS Makin Island Official United States Navy Website. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  7. ↑ Boughner, Abe; Dalton, Thomas; Mako, C. David (20 May 2010). Engineering a Class of Innovative Affordable Amphibious Assault Hybrid Warships via LHD 8: USS Makin Island (PDF). Electric Machines Technology Symposium. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Society of Naval Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  8. 1 2 Segercrantz, Henrik (23 January 2013). "USS Makin Island: Proven Fuel Efficient". MarineLink. Maritime Activity Reports, Inc. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  9. ↑ Turso, J.; Dalton, Thomas; McCullough, S.; et al. (19 May 2010). USS Makin Island Auxiliary Propulsion System: Identification and Accommodation of System Level Interactions (PDF). Electric Machines Technology Symposium. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Society of Naval Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  10. 1 2 Liewer, Steve (15 September 2009). "Navy Goes Green With New Hybrid Ship". San Diego Union-Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on 29 September 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2015..
  11. ↑ "Navy to Christen Amphibious Assault Ship America". MarineLink. 17 October 2012. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  12. ↑ Department of Defense Public Affairs (18 October 2012). "Navy to Christen Amphibious Assault Ship America" (Press release). Washington, DC: Navy News Service. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  13. ↑ "Navy USS Makin Island Official Page". United States Navy. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
  14. ↑ Liewer, Steve (24 October 2009). "Heroes Relive Epic Raid on Namesake Ship". San Diego Union-Tribune. p. B1. Retrieved 14 May 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  15. ↑ Steele, Jeanette (30 August 2010). "Navy's 'Green' Ship Delayed By Glitch". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "Eco friendly USS Makin Island arrives in SF". ABC 7 News. San Francisco, California. 6 October 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  17. ↑ USS Makin Island Public Affairs (3 October 2012). "USS Makin Island Arrives in San Francisco For 31st Annual 'Fleet Week'" (Press release). San Francisco, California: United States Navy. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  18. ↑ Freedman, Wayne; Hollyfield, Amy (5 October 2012). "USS Makin Island arrives in SF for Fleet Week". ABC 7 News. San Francisco, California. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  19. ↑ Affairs, This story was written by Senior Chief Mass Communication Specialist (SW/AW) Donnie W. Ryan, USS Makin Island Public. "USS Makin Island Returns from Historic Maiden Deployment". United States Navy. Retrieved 26 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ "Marine is first U.S. death in operations against Islamic State". Reuters. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  21. ↑ Hennigan, W.J.; Cloud, David S. (6 December 2014). "U.S. hostage Luke Somers killed in Yemen during rescue attempt". Los Angeles Times. Kabul, Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  22. ↑ Hennigan, W.J.; Cloud, David S. (6 December 2014). "US forces raid al-Qaida hideout in Yemen; hostages reported killed". Stars and Stripes. from Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  23. ↑ "Famous Sailor Presumed Lost at Sea on Trans-Pacific Voyage". National Geographic . 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  24. ↑ "Coast Guard searching for missing Chinese mariner in Pacific". Coast Guard News. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  25. ↑ "USS Makin Island conducts search for Chinese mariner". DVIDS . 26 October 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  26. ↑ "Guo Chuan: Search suspended for sailor attempting world record". BBC News. 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  27. ↑ "US suspends search for Chinese sailor lost in mid-Pacific". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  28. 1 2 3 Steele, Jeanette (15 November 2011). "Navy's First Hybrid-Drive Warship Goes To Sea". San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  29. ↑ "2022 Captain Edward F. Ney Memorial Award Winners Announced".
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.