Umbilicaria leiocarpa

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Umbilicaria leiocarpa
Textured Rock Tripe (3817482411).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Umbilicariales
Family: Umbilicariaceae
Genus: Umbilicaria
Species:
U. leiocarpa
Binomial name
Umbilicaria leiocarpa
DC. (1805)
Synonyms [1]
List
  • Lichen leiocarpus(DC.) Lam. (1813)
  • Lichen leiocarpa(DC.) DC. (1814)
  • Gyrophora leiocarpa(DC.) Steud. (1824)
  • Umbilicaria flocculosa var. leiocarpa(DC.) Duby (1830)
  • Agyrophora leiocarpa(DC.) Gyeln. (1932)

Umbilicaria leiocarpa, commonly known as textured rock tripe, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), umbilicate lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. First described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805, it is characterised by its small to medium-sized grey thallus with a cracked upper surface and smooth reproductive structures. The species has a primarily Holarctic distribution, being found across Europe from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, with populations occurring from sea level to alpine elevations around 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It shows a particular preference for siliceous rock substrates and is absent from northern Lapland despite being common in similar habitats elsewhere in Fennoscandia. The species belongs to the subgenus Agyrophora, one of eight recognised subgenera within Umbilicaria, and is distinguished by its smooth, non- pustulate thallus and distinctive asexual reproduction through specialised structures called thalloconidia .

Contents

Taxonomy

The species was scientifically described as new to science in 1805 by the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in the second volume of the third edition of Flore Française. [2] The specific epithet leiocarpa refers to the smooth surface of its apothecia (fruiting bodies), which de Candolle translated from Latin as "fruits lisse" (smooth fruits). This characteristic later contributed to the term 'leiodisc' being adopted to describe this type of smooth apothecial surface in lichenology. [3]

The species was discovered by the French botanist Louis François Élisabeth Ramond, who had originally intended to name it Lichen infundibuliformis, though this name remained unpublished. Ramond collected the type specimen on 26 August 1793 at Port Madamette (now Col de Madaméte  [ fr ]) in the Pyrenees. This specimen was designated as the lectotype in 2017 and is housed at the BBF herbarium of the Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées  [ fr ]. [3]

In its taxonomic history, the species has been placed in various genera, including the eponymous genus Lichen, as well as Gyrophora, and Agyrophora; Jean Étienne Duby classified it as a variety of Umbilicaria flocculosa . [1] When Swiss lichenologist Ludwig Schaerer discovered the species in the Alps in 1817, he overlooked de Candolle's earlier naming and described it as Gyrophora atropruinosa var. tesselata. As a result, historical herbarium specimens are often labelled under either atropruinosa or anthracina. [3]

In a comprehensive 2017 phylogenetic revision of Umbilicariaceae, U. leiocarpa was placed within subgenus Agyrophora, one of eight newly recognised monophyletic subgenera within Umbilicaria. Species in this subgenus are characterised by their small to medium-sized body (thallus) that never develops blisters, and has a distinctive matt, grey, cracked upper surface. The lower surface is smooth to similarly cracked and lacks root-like attachments ( rhizinomorphs ), though it often produces specialised asexual reproductive structures ( thalloconidia ) that develop directly from the surface tissue and are not divided into segments. Members of subg. Agyrophora typically produce disc-shaped reproductive structures (apothecia) that sit directly on or are raised above the surface, with a predominantly smooth upper surface. Each reproductive structure contains spore sacs (asci) with eight simple spores, though rarely more complex divided spores may occur. This group has a primarily Holarctic distribution, with species found only in specific regions of Europe and North America. [4]

Habitat and distribution

Umbilicaria leiocarpa is predominantly found in the alpine regions of Fennoscandia, although its presence extends across Europe. In Fennoscandia, it is largely found in similar locales to Umbilicaria rigida , albeit it is absent from northern Lapland and adjacent parts of Norway—a notable exception given the abundant U. rigida specimens from those areas. Its European distribution includes populations in the Alps, as well as occurrences in the Carpathians and the Pyrenees. It is also found in Scotland and Japan. [5] The species tends to inhabit elevations up to around 2,000 m (6,600 ft), primarily in alpine conditions, but it has also been found at sea level, suggesting a wide ecological amplitude. This distribution pattern supports the hypothesis that U. leiocarpa could have survived the last ice age in refugia in Southern Norway, from where it may have spread along the Scandinavian mountain chain to its current locations. [5] The species shows a distinct preference for siliceous rock substrates. [3] Although it has been historically been reported to occur in the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia), those records are now considered dubious and thought to refer to other species. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Buellia</i> Genus of lichens

Buellia is a genus of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The fungi are usually part of a crustose lichen. In this case, the lichen species is given the same name as the fungus. But members may also grow as parasites on lichens (lichenicolous). The algae in the lichen is always a member of the genus Trebouxia.

<i>Roccella</i> (lichen) Genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae

Roccella is a genus of 23 species of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805, with Roccella fuciformis as the type species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fuscideaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

Fuscideaceae is a family of fungi that form symbiotic] relationships with algae to create lichens. These lichens typically have a crust-like appearance and are found worldwide, though they are most common in temperate regions. The family includes five genera and about 55 species, which primarily grow on tree bark, rocks, or occasionally on wood or leaves. Fuscideaceae lichens are characterised by their reproductive structures, cup-like formations called apothecia, which can vary in colour from red to dark brown or black. The family has undergone several changes in its classification over the years, with recent genetic studies placing it within the order Umbilicariales. Fuscideaceae lichens produce various chemical compounds, some of which are unique to this family, and these chemicals are often used to help identify different species.

<i>Umbilicaria hyperborea</i> Species of lichen

Umbilicaria hyperborea, commonly known as blistered rock tripe, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It is widely distributed in arctic and alpine regions.

<i>Umbilicaria virginis</i> Species of lichen

Umbilicaria virginis, commonly known as the blushing rock tripe, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) umbilicate lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It occurs in polar and alpine regions.

Umbilicaria maculata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) umbilicate lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It is found in high-elevation alpine locations in Poland and France.

<i>Umbilicaria muhlenbergii</i> Species of lichen

Umbilicaria muhlenbergii, commonly known as plated rock tripe, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling, umbilicate lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae.

Buellia cravenii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen spreads up to 3.5 cm wide thick, forming a continuous, grey-white cracked pattern of areoles.

Amandinea pilbarensis is a little-known species of crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, First described in 2020, it is found in Australia. It is similar to Amandinea polyxanthonica, but can be distinguished by its smaller ascospores and the presence of calcium oxalate and thiophanic acid in the medulla.

Buellia subalbula is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It occurs in coastal southern Africa, South America, and Australia, where it grows on calcareous rocks.

<i>Kuettlingeria neotaurica</i> Species of lichen

Kuettlingeria neotaurica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

<i>Umbilicaria torrefacta</i> Species of lichen

Umbilicaria torrefacta is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It is an arctic-alpine species with a circumpolar distribution and is widely distributed within the Holarctic realm, specifically within the Palearctic and Neoarctic biogeographical regions. Characteristic features of Umbilicaria torrefacta include the lace-like fringe in its lobes and the plates on the underside of the thallus. One common name, punctured rock-tripe, refers to the distinctive sieve-like perforations on the thallus margins.

<i>Umbilicaria angulata</i> Species of lichen

Umbilicaria angulata, commonly known as the asterisk rocktripe, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It is found in northwestern North America and east Eurasia, where it grows on acidic rock.

Umbilicaria semitensis, commonly known as Yosemite rock tripe, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It occurs in the western regions of northern North America, from southern California to southern Oregon.

Umbilicaria isidiosa is a species of foliose lichen belonging to the family Umbilicariaceae. It is endemic to Bolivia, where it occurs in high-altitude regions of the Bolivian Andes. It is distinguished by its thallus, which has an upper surface ranging from ashy brown to mouse grey, featuring a frosty texture that varies from smooth to slightly rough. This surface is adorned with numerous isidia, ranging from spherical to richly branched, primarily concentrated along the margins. The lower surface is dark, transitioning from smooth to rough in texture, and sparsely covered with dark rhizines.

Umbilicaria nodulospora is a species of foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae, discovered on steep rock faces of old lava flows in California and Oregon, USA. This species is distinguished by the unique shape of its ascospores and its DNA sequence, which does not closely relate to any known species within its family.

Umbilicaria orientalis is a species of foliose lichen belonging to the family Umbilicariaceae. It is recognized by its distinctive morphological features and unique molecular characteristics that distinguish it from closely related species such as Umbilicaria trabeculata. This lichen is primarily found across a range of localities in East Asia, extending from the Russian Far East to South Siberia, Mongolia, and regions in China including Hebei and Tibet.

Meridianelia is a fungal genus in the family Elixiaceae. It consists of the single species Meridianelia maccarthyana, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen. This lichen forms greyish-white, crust-like growths on tree bark in subalpine woodlands of Tasmania, Australia. Discovered in 2003 and scientifically described in 2009, Meridianelia is classified in the small fungal family Elixiaceae based on its genetic and structural characteristics. The genus is notable for its unique reproductive structures and its apparent rarity, having been found in only a few locations despite growing in a relatively common type of forest.

<i>Ramalina sideriza</i> Species of lichen

Ramalina sideriza is a species of strap lichen in the family Ramalinaceae, first described by German lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1911 from Hawaiian specimens. It has since been identified in the Galápagos Islands, where it is a common epiphyte in coastal and arid zones. This shrubby lichen is characterised by its flattened thallus lobes with curled tips, a striate surface with distinct parallel ridges, and smooth apothecia. While primarily growing on bark or wood, it occasionally occurs on rocks. The species can be distinguished from similar Ramalina species by its unique morphology and chemical composition, including the presence of salazinic acid in its medulla.

<i>Umbilicaria nylanderiana</i> Species of lichen

Umbilicaria nylanderiana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It typically appears as a single, rigid disc attached to rock surfaces. First described in 1927, it can grow up to 6 cm (2.4 in) across and is characterised by its dark brown to grey upper surface with dense, rounded ridges, and a black lower surface. The species is found worldwide on boulders and cliffs in alpine regions, including Europe, North and South America, and parts of maritime Antarctica. It can be distinguished from similar-looking species by its production of specialised reproductive structures called thalloconidia, which appear as dark oval cells covering most of its lower surface.

References

  1. 1 2 "Homotypic Synonyms. Basionym Name: Umbilicaria leiocarpa DC., in Lamarck & de Candolle, Fl. franç., Edn 3 (Paris) 2: 410 (1805)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  2. ↑ De Candolle, A.P. (1805). "Des Lichens". In Lamarck, J.-B.; De Candolle, A.P. (eds.). Flore française, ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France, Disposées selon une nouvelle Méthode d'Analyse, et précédées par un Exposé des Principes élémentaires de la Botanique (in French). Vol. 2 (3 ed.). Paris: H. Agasse. p. 410.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hestmark, Geir (2017). "Lectotypification of Umbilicaria leiocarpa (Umbilicariaceae)". Graphis Scripta. 29 (1–2): 12–17.
  4. ↑ Davydov, Evgeny A.; Peršoh, Derek; Rambold, Gerhard (2017). "Umbilicariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) – Trait evolution and a new generic concept". Taxon. 66 (6): 1282–1303. doi:10.12705/666.2.
  5. 1 2 Hasselrot, Torsten E. (1941). Till kännedomen om några nordiska umbilicariacéers utbredning [On the distribution of some Nordic Umbilicariaceae](PDF). Acta Phytogeographica Suecica (in Swedish). Vol. 15. Svenska Växtgeografiska Sällskapet. pp. 27–31.
  6. ↑ Davydov, Evgeny A.; Himelbrant, Dmitry E.; Stepanchikova, Irina S. (2011). "Contribution to the Study of Umbilicariaceae (Lichenized Ascomycota) in Russia. II. Kamchatka Peninsula". Herzogia. 24 (2): 251–263. doi:10.13158/heia.24.2.2011.251.
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