United Nations Security Council Resolution 2078

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UN Security Council
Resolution 2078

Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg

Democratic Republic of the Congo Map
Date 28 November 2012
Meeting no. 6,873
Code S/RES/2078 (Document)
SubjectThe situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Voting summary
15 voted for
None voted against
None abstained
Result Adopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members
Non-permanent members

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2078 was unanimously adopted on 28 November 2012.

Contents

The Security Council renewed until 1 February 2014 the measures on arms imposed by paragraph 1 of resolution 1807 (2008), renew the measures on transport and the financial and travel measures imposed by that resolution.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1807 was unanimously adopted on 31 March 2008.

Observations

In the preamble of the resolution, the Council reiterated its concern about the situation in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo due to the M23 rebellion. The Security Council condemned the continuing violation of resolutions 1533 (2004), 1807 (2008), 1857 (2008), 1896 (2009), 1952 (2010) and 2021 (2011). It also condemned human rights abuses and humanitarian law violations against civilians.

Democratic Republic of the Congo Country in Central Africa

The Democratic Republic of the Congo, also known as DR Congo, the DRC, DROC, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo, is a country located in Central Africa. It is sometimes anachronistically referred to by its former name of Zaire, which was its official name between 1971 and 1997. It is, by area, the largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa, the second-largest in all of Africa, and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of over 78 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth-most-populated country in Africa, and the 16th-most-populated country in the world. Currently, eastern DR Congo is the scene of ongoing military conflict in Kivu, since 2015.

M23 rebellion fighting that occurred between the March 23 Movement and the government of Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2003

The M23 rebellion was fighting in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), that occurred between the March 23 Movement and government forces. The rebellion was part of continued fighting in the region after the formal end of the Second Congo War in 2003. It broke out in 2012 and continued into 2013, when a peace agreement was made among eleven African nations, and the M23 troops surrendered in Uganda.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1533 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 1533, adopted unanimously on 12 March 2004, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council established a Committee to monitor an arms embargo imposed on all foreign and Congolese forces in the east of the country.

Acts

Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council renewed the arms embargo concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo until February 1, 2014, along with travel, financial and transport sanctions. Meanwhile, the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was requested to extend the mandate of the group of experts established in resolution 1533 (2004) and renewed by subsequent resolutions until February 1, 2014. The group was asked to present to the Council a mid-term report by 28 June 2013 and a final report before 13 December 2013.

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security".

Secretary-General of the United Nations head of the United Nations Secretariat

The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-General serves as the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. The role of the United Nations Secretariat, and of the Secretary-General in particular, is laid out by Chapter XV of the United Nations Charter.

Ban Ki-moon 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations

Ban Ki-moon is a South Korean politician and diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016. Before becoming Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations. He entered diplomatic service the year he graduated from university, accepting his first post in New Delhi, India.

The Resolution condemned the March 23 Movement for its attacks on the civilian population and MONUSCO peacekeepers, and demands the rebels groups in the area (FDLR, LRA, Mai-Mai militias, FNL and ADF) to cease immediately all forms of violence.

March 23 Movement rebel military group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The March 23 Movement, often abbreviated as M23 and also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army, was a rebel military group based in eastern areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), mainly operating in the province of North Kivu. The 2012 M23 rebellion against the DRC government led to the displacement of large numbers of people. On 20 November 2012, M23 took control of Goma, a provincial capital with a population of one million people, but was requested to evacuate it by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region because the DRC government had finally agreed to negotiate with them. In late 2013 Congolese troops, along with UN troops, retook control of Goma and M23 announced a ceasefire, saying it wanted to resume peace talks.

MONUSCO organization

The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or MONUSCO, an acronym based on its French name, is a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which was established by the United Nations Security Council in resolutions 1279 (1999) and 1291 (2000) of the United Nations Security Council to monitor the peace process of the Second Congo War, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the Ituri conflict, the Kivu conflict and the Dongo conflict. The mission was known as the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo or MONUC, an acronym of its French name Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en République démocratique du Congo, until 2010.

Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda armed rebel group active in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda is an armed rebel group active in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. An ethnic Hutu group opposed to the ethnic Tutsi influence, the FDLR is one of the last factions of Rwandan génocidaires active in the Congo. It was founded through an amalgamation of other Hutu groups in September 2000, including the former Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALiR), under the leadership of Paul Rwarakabije. It was active during the latter phases of the Second Congo War and the subsequent insurgencies in Kivu.

See also

Kivu conflict Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Kivu conflict began in 2004 in the eastern Congo as an armed conflict between the military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and the Hutu Power group Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has broadly consisted of three phases, the third of which is an ongoing conflict. Prior to March 2009, the main combatant group against the FARDC was the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP). Following the cessation of hostilities between these two forces, rebel Tutsi forces, formerly under the command of Laurent Nkunda, became the dominant opposition to the government forces.

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