Ursoidea

Last updated

Ursoidea
Temporal range: Bartonian - Present
37–0  Ma
Cephalogale shareri.jpg
Life reconstruction of Cephalogale shareri
Brown bear (Ursus arctos), Viiksimo, Kainuu region, Finland, 16 June 2018 (43094873292).jpg
Brown bear (Ursus arctos)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Parvorder: Ursida
Superfamily: Ursoidea
Fischer von Waldheim, 1817
Families

Ursoidea is a superfamily of arctoid carnivoran mammals that includes the families Subparictidae, [1] [2] Amphicynodontidae, [3] [2] and Ursidae. The last family includes the extant lineages of bears, as well as the extinct Hemicyoninae [4] [5] and Ursavinae. [6]

The interrelationships of ursoids has had slight arrangements. In the past it was thought the extinct Amphicyonidae were stem-bears based on morphological analysis of the ear region, [7] though the most recent publications on early amphicyonids suggests they were basal caniforms. [8] [9] [10]

The amphicynodontids are sometimes classified as either a subfamily of bears, [3] a paraphyletic assemblage of early bears, [2] or even stem-pinnipeds. [11] [12] [13] The subparictids were previously classified as amphicynodontine/ids. [2] The hemicyonines have been occasionally reclassified as a separate family. [14]

References

  1. ↑ Baskin, J. A.; Tedford, R. H. (1996). "Small arctoid and feliform carnivorans". The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America, Part II: Common Vertebrates of the White River Chronofauna. pp. 486–497. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511665431.025. ISBN   978-0-521-43387-7.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Wang, Xiaoming; Emry, Robert J.; Boyd, Clint A.; Person, Jeff J.; White, Stuart C.; Tedford, Richard H. (2022). "An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (Nov. Gen. Et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (Early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42: 1–123. Bibcode:2022JVPal..42S...1W. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2022.2145900 . S2CID   259025727.
  3. 1 2 McLellan, B.; Reiner, D.C. (1992). "A review of bear evolution" (PDF). International Association for Bear Research and Management. 9 (1): 85–96. doi:10.2307/3872687. JSTOR   3872687. S2CID   91124592. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-19.
  4. ↑ Louis De Bonis (2013). "Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862". Geodiversitas. 35 (4): 787–814. doi:10.5252/g2013n4a4. S2CID   131561629.
  5. ↑ L. de Bonis (2011). "A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France)". Estudios Geológicos. 67 (2): 179–186. doi: 10.3989/egeol.40553.181 .
  6. ↑ Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. (2014). "A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 52 (3): 265–302.
  7. ↑ Hunt Jr., Robert M. (2001). "Small Oligocene Amphicyonids from North America (Paradaphoenus, Mammalia, Carnivora)". American Museum Novitates (3331): 1-20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)331<0001:SOAFNA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN   0003-0082. S2CID   198160461.
  8. ↑ Hunt, Robert M. Jr. (2004). "Global Climate and the Evolution of Large Mammalian Carnivores during the Later Cenozoic in North America" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2004 (285): 139–285. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2004)285<0139:C>2.0.CO;2. S2CID   86236545. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2007.
  9. ↑ Morlo, Michael; Miller, Ellen R.; El-Barkooky, Ahmed N. (2007). "Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (1): 145-159. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[145:CACFWM]2.0.CO;2. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   86235694.
  10. ↑ Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10) 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....360518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. PMC   5098994 . PMID   27853569.
  11. ↑ Tedford, R. H.; Barnes, L. G.; Ray, C. E. (1994). "The early Miocene littoral ursoid carnivoran Kolponomos: Systematics and mode of life" (PDF). Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 29: 11–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-22. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
  12. ↑ Rybczynski, N.; Dawson, M.R.; Tedford, R.H. (2009). "A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia". Nature. 458 (7241): 1021–24. Bibcode:2009Natur.458.1021R. doi:10.1038/nature07985. PMID   19396145. S2CID   4371413.
  13. ↑ Berta, A.; Morgan, C.; Boessenecker, R.W. (2018). "The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 46: 203–228. Bibcode:2018AREPS..46..203B. doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009 .
  14. ↑ McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.  ISBN   0-231-11013-8
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.