| White-winged nightjar | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Strisores |
| Order: | Caprimulgiformes |
| Family: | Caprimulgidae |
| Genus: | Eleothreptus |
| Species: | E. candicans |
| Binomial name | |
| Eleothreptus candicans (Pelzeln, 1867) | |
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The white-winged nightjar (Eleothreptus candicans) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. [2]
The white-winged nightjar, with two other nightjars, was at one time placed in genus Thermochalcis that was later merged into Caprimulgus. Since the early 2010s it has been placed in its current genus Eleothreptus, which it shares with the sickle-winged nightjar (E. anomalus). It is monotypic. [3] [4] [2]
The white-winged nightjar is 19 to 23 cm (7.5 to 9.1 in) long. Adult males weigh 46 to 55 g (1.6 to 1.9 oz) and females 46 to 55 g (1.6 to 1.9 oz). The adult male's upperparts are pale grayish brown with bold blackish spots on the crown and brown streaks, bars, and speckles on most of the rest. Much of the face is brown, with a white supercilium and "moustache". The breast is grayish brown with a chestnut tinge and brown bars and speckles; the rest of the underparts are white. In flight the male shows whitish wings and a mostly white tail. Adult females have buffy underparts and no white in the plumage. Juveniles are browner rather than grayish. [4] [5] [6]
The white-winged nightjar is known from widely separated sites in northern Bolivia, south-central Brazil, and eastern Paraguay. There are also historical reports from sites in southern Brazil. It inhabits open grassland with scattered trees and bushes such as savanna and cerrado . In elevation it ranges from sea level to 210 m (690 ft). [4]
The white-winged nightjar might be migratory in at least part of its range. [4]
The white-winged nightjar mostly forages in continuous low flight, though it has also been recorded sallying from low perches. Its flight is "typically slow and frequently interspersed by glides". It feeds on insects including beetles and moths. [4]
The first white-winged nightjar nest was found in 1997. The clutch of two eggs is laid directly on the ground. In Paraguay egg laying was documented from mid September to mid November. Females alone incubate the eggs. Males make a display flight that shows the white of the wings and tail; the display is apparently both territorial and for mate attraction. [4] [6]
Male white-winged nightjars makes a soft territorial call "tshere-she-shew" during chases. Display flights also include mechanical wing noises. The species' alarm call is an abrupt "eek". [4] [7]
The IUCN originally assessed the white-winged nightjar as Threatened, then in 1994 as Critically Endangered, and in 2000 as Endangered. Since 2019 it has been rated Vulnerable. It has a very small population and is known from only a few scattered sites. The main threats include conversion of habitat to agriculture (pasture, row crops, and Eucalyptus plantations) and fire. [1]
Anthony's nightjar, also known as the scrub nightjar, is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The Yucatan nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, and Honduras.
The white-tailed nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in the tropic regions of Central and South America.
The Cuban nightjar, sometimes also Greater Antillean nightjar, is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is endemic to Cuba.
The pygmy nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The spot-tailed nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.
The blackish nightjar is a species of bird in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The little nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
The fiery-necked nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae, which is found mostly in Africa south of the equator, though it has been spotted in a few countries north of the equator. It is most often found in woodland savannas or other deciduous woodlands. It is usually distinguished by its tawny coloured collar which gives the species its common name. It has a distinctive call that many have rendered as 'good-lord-deliver-us'. The fiery-necked nightjar is an insectivorous species that mostly eats butterflies, moths and other insects. The fiery-necked nightjar breeds after the dry season and typically produce two clutches with two eggs per clutch.
The Roraiman nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The sickle-winged nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and possibly Uruguay.
The spotted nightjar or spotted eared-nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It inhabits much of mainland Australia and has also been found in several Indonesian islands. Its natural habitats are open forests and woodlands, scrub, spinifex and tussock grassland, savannah woodland and mangroves.
The scissor-tailed nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is distributed over much of eastern South America.
The short-tailed nighthawk is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Mexico, in every Central American country except El Salvador, in Trinidad and Tobago, and in every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.
The long-trained nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina and Brazil.
The ocellated poorwill is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Peru.
The Chocó poorwill is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The Yucatan poorwill is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in the Yucatán Peninsula of Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico.
Todd's nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.
Tschudi's nightjar or lesser band-winged nightjar is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Chile and Peru.
