Wolf's Rain

Last updated

Production

The series was created primarily by Keiko Nobumoto with director Tensai Okamura claiming he was not sure if they had a very full communication. When Nobumoto created the series, she was sort of intrigued by the two different aspects of wolves. Being noble, the dignified existence of wolves in folklore and the violent character of real wolves, and how becomes a conflicting characterization. Okamura was not sure that he understood Nobumoto's intention. The male human pursuers, Hubb and Quent, helped the director get a greater understanding of their story. [8]

Release

The Wolf's Rain anime series was produced by studio Bones and directed by Tensai Okamura. Keiko Nobumoto was the writer and story editor, while Toshihiro Kawamoto created the character designs. [9] The series premiered in Japan on Fuji TV on January 6, 2003, and ran for a full season of twenty-six episodes, with the final episode airing on July 29, 2003. A four-episode original video animation (OVA) was later created and released to DVD to provide a fuller conclusion to the story than the original television run did, and to make up for the four recap episodes that were originally broadcast in the middle of the series. The first two OVA episodes were released on January 23, 2004, with the final two released a month later on February 25, 2004. [10] Animax also aired the series on its respective networks worldwide, including East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, Europe, and other regions.

Except for the four recap episodes, the entire Wolf's Rain anime series aired in the United States as part of Cartoon Network's Adult Swim lineup in 2004. [11] It was broadcast on Europe's digital specialty station Rapture TV from November 14, 2005, to July 6, 2006. [12] [13] It also aired in the UK on Anime Central starting November 4, 2007, with only the first 26 episodes airing. [14] [15]

Wolf's Rain was licensed for Region 1 DVD release by Bandai Entertainment. The entire series, including the four OVAs, were released in seven individual volumes that contained four episodes, except for the first two volumes, which had five episodes. With the first volume, Bandai offered a stand-alone version and a limited edition version, which included an art box, Kiba plushie, and the first CD soundtrack. Bandai also released the thirty episodes in a complete series box set and in a two-part "Anime Legends" collection. [16] [17] Funimation has since licensed the series following the closure of Bandai Entertainment and released the series on a Blu-ray and DVD combo pack on February 7, 2017. [18]

In Region 2 (Europe) the series is licensed by Beez Entertainment, which also released the entire series, including the OVAs, in seven individual volumes, and later as a box set which also included the first soundtrack CD (see below). In Region 4, Madman Entertainment owns the series license and released all twenty-six episodes and four OVA episodes in the form of a complete series box set. [16]

Soundtrack

All of the music for the Wolf's Rain soundtrack was composed and arranged by Yoko Kanno. [19] The vocal songs are performed by various artists, including Maaya Sakamoto, Raj Ramayya, Ilaria Graziano, Steve Conte and Joyce, and they were recorded around the world, including Japan, Poland, Brazil, the United States, and Italy to offer a diverse range of music and give the soundtrack an international flavor. [20] Two CD soundtracks, produced by Yoko Kanno, Toshiaki Ota, and Shiro Sasaki, were released in Japan by Victor Entertainment. [21]

"Gravity", the series' ending theme, is a song performed by Maaya Sakamoto. It was released as a single on February 21, 2003.

Wolf's Rain Original Soundtrack, Volume 1 was released March 29, 2003. It contains twenty-one tracks, including the opening and closing themes throughout most of the main series "Stray" and "Gravity" and many of the background sounds used during key points in the main series. [21] The soundtrack was released in the United States by Bandai Entertainment on May 11, 2004, under the title of Wolf's Rain Original Soundtrack. [16]

Wolf's Rain Original Soundtrack, Volume 2 was released on January 21, 2004. It contains an additional 23 tracks, including the closing theme for the final episode of the main series "Tell Me What the Rain Knows", sung by Maaya Sakamoto and with lyrics by Chris Mosdell. It also includes background music from the final episode not included in the broadcast version, and music from the four OVA episodes. The second CD has not been licensed for release outside Japan. [21]

Manga

The two-volume manga series was originally serialized in Magazine Z , a monthly seinen magazine, with the first chapter premiering in April 2003. The manga, which was written by Nobumoto and illustrated by Toshitsugu Iida, is an almost complete retelling of the anime story. Each chapter of the manga series is called a "grope", which is a reference to a Japanese phrase for arriving somewhere after enduring hardships. [5]

The two volumes were released in North America by VIZ Media as individual volumes in 2004 and 2005. [22] An exclusive edition of the first volume was released on November 5, 2004, in Borders and Waldenbooks stores that included a collectible box to hold both volumes and a 3D lenticular card. [23] The Viz English release is adapted by David Ury, who also acted as translator and Egan Loo. [5] The series has also been released in German by Heyne, in Italian by Shin Vision and in Polish by Japonica Polonica Fantastica.

Wolf's Rain
Wolf's Rain Region 2 Volume 1.jpg
Cover of the anime's first Japanese DVD volume
Genre
Created by Bones, Keiko Nobumoto
No.Original release dateOriginal ISBNEnglish [24] release dateEnglish [24] ISBN
1 July 23, 2003 978-4-06-349139-5 May 3, 2005 1-59116-591-1
  • Grope 1. A Short Story
  • Grope 2. The Key to Paradise
  • Grope 3. Escape From the Fortress
  • Grope 4. The Fortress of Solitude
  • Grope 5. The Flower That Dances in the Wind
Kiba, a wounded white wolf, goes to a city in search of the Lunar Flower that can open the door to Paradise. There he meets Tsume, Hige, and Toboe, three other wolves using illusions to appear as humans so they can live in relative safety in the city. All four soon find themselves the target of Quent Yaiden and his dog Blue, who seek to kill every remaining wolf in the world. Cheza, the Lunar Flower, awakens at Kiba's arrival, but she is stolen away by Darcia. The four wolves join together and leave the town. After a rough trip through a town that violently rejects all outsiders, the wolves are able to meet with Cheza, who sensed their presence below and jumped from Darcia's airship to float down to them.
2 February 23, 2004 978-4-06-349161-6 June 14, 2005 1-59116-718-3
  • Grope 6. The Spellbound Pack
  • Grope 7. A Sad Song
  • Grope 8. The Grave That Looks Towards Heaven
  • Grope 9. The Pedigree of the Guides
  • Grope 10. The Depths of Despair
  • Grope 11. Rain
The four wolves fight a large pack of wolves that went crazy after seeing Cheza, but Cheza realizing her wolves were losing, sang the crazed wolves to sleep. Her song also affects Blue, who realizes for the first time that she has wolf blood in her. Darcia recaptures Cheza, badly wounding the four wolves in the process. Darcia aims to open Paradise using Cheza and the blood of Blue, whom he found in the woods and recruited for the project. After a fight with Darcia that leaves Kiba completely blind, the wolves are able to free Cheza and escape Darcia's keep just before it collapses. At the end, as the wolves and Cheza sit on a rock, the sun breaks through the clouds for the first time and the Ice Age ends, leading people to believe that Paradise has opened.

Reception

In Japan, Wolf's Rain ranked third among anime series airing in the same time slot behind Air Master and Dear Boys . [25] The series was considered "a big hit in 2004" for the North American market, [26] selling well in mass markets as well as in online markets and at independent retailers. ICv2 notes that it has "a strong appeal to the growing teen and older anime audience." [27] The series was selected as one of the top ten anime properties of 2005 for the ICv2 Retailers Guide to Anime/Manga. [28] Its release was also a central reason Bandai Entertainment earned the ICv2 Anime Company of the Year award for 2004. [26]

Tasha Robinson of SciFi Weekly praised the series for its unusual focus on non-human characters and the interesting dynamic of wolves behaving like wolves as they interact with the human characters and environments in the series. [29] [30] Carlo Santos of Anime News Network praised the visuals of the series, noting that they "showcase Studio BONES at their most imaginative, with beautiful backgrounds that depict settings from high-tech mysticism to urban decay to open wilderness. The character designs are equally striking: in their human form, the wolves wear contemporary outfits, making them the most accessible of all characters." [30] Both Santos and Chris Beveridge of Mania.com noted that the Region 1 DVD volume containing the four recapitulation episodes should be left unbought and skipped as a waste of money; however, they praised Bandai's release of the episodes for putting the episodes on a single volume, unlike in the Japanese release where they were spread over two DVDs requiring them to be bought to get the new episodes on the same volumes. [30] [31] [32] Other critics have complained that while the show had an original and innovative storyline with beautiful visuals and appealing characters, the episodes themselves were poorly paced, undeveloped, and plagued with plot holes. [25]

In The Anime Encyclopedia , Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy criticized the production delays and the hiatuses that led to the creation of the four recap episodes, stating that "if the makers had spent less time recounting the story so far, they might have had more than enough space to finish the entire run within the requisite 26 episodes". They praised the series' soundtrack, feeling it supported "the atmosphere and character development", and felt the "moody, dark, and understated" art was attractive. [33]

Yoko Kanno's soundtrack for the series has also been hailed for its beauty and the way it adds to the series' emotional impact. [19] [30] The instrumental tracks were found to mirror the show's tone perfectly, evoking feelings of sorrow and loss. According to one reviewer, the soundtrack "...shows [Kanno's] skills as both composer and pianist..." and is "...a treat to hear." [20] Kanno's work in the series was nominated for an Annie Award in the "Music in an Animated Television Production" category in 2006. [34]

The Wolf's Rain manga adaptation has also enjoyed success in the North American market, with the second volume being the ninth best-selling graphic novel on the Nielsen BookScan list for February 13, 2007. [35] It was considered a "major manga hit" among manga series adapted from an anime series. [36] Anime News Network's Liann Cooper praised its artwork, but also felt its short length and rushed storyline made it hard to connect to the characters. He also felt the supporting characters, Cher, Hubb and Quent, were only included "just to have them included". [37] Carlo Santos, also of Anime News Network, praised the "snappy pacing" while also considering it the primary downfall of the series. [38] In reviewing the series for Manga: The Complete Guide , Rebecca Brown felt the series was a "transparent grab for cash" and criticized its extreme brevity and the art, which she felt was "barely adequate and at times not even that." [39]

Related Research Articles

<i>The Vision of Escaflowne</i> Japanese anime television series

The Vision of Escaflowne is a Japanese anime television series created by Shōji Kawamori with Sunrise Studios and directed by Kazuki Akane. It premiered from April to September 1996, on TV Tokyo. Sony's anime satellite channel, Animax also aired the series, both in Japan and on its various worldwide networks, including Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. It was licensed for Region 1 release by Bandai Entertainment. The series is currently licensed by Crunchyroll.

<i>Love Hina</i> Japanese manga series by Ken Akamatsu

Love Hina is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ken Akamatsu. It was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine from October 1998 to October 2001, with the chapters collected into 14 tankōbon volumes by Kodansha. The series tells the story of Keitarō Urashima and his attempts to find the girl with whom he made a childhood promise to enter the University of Tokyo. The manga was licensed for an English-language release in North America and the United Kingdom by Tokyopop, in Australia by Madman Entertainment, and in Singapore by Chuang Yi. Two novelizations of Love Hina, written by two anime series screenwriters, were also released in Japan by Kodansha. Both novels were later released in North America and the United Kingdom by Tokyopop.

<i>Mobile Fighter G Gundam</i> Japanese anime television series

Mobile Fighter G Gundam, also known in Japan as Mobile Fighting Legend G Gundam, is a 1994 Japanese animated television series produced by Sunrise and the fifth installment in the long-running Gundam franchise. The series is set in the "Future Century", where space colonies representing countries have agreed to hold an organized fighting tournament known as the "Gundam Fight" every four years to settle their political differences in place of war. Each colony sends a representative fighter piloting a giant, humanoid mecha called a Gundam to battle on Earth until only one is left, and the winning nation earns the right to govern over all the colonies until the next tournament. The events of G Gundam follow Domon Kasshu, the pilot of Neo Japan's Shining Gundam during the 13th Gundam Fight. Domon's mission is to both win the tournament and to track down his older brother, who is believed to have stolen the mysterious Devil Gundam from the Neo Japan government.

<i>Case Closed</i> Japanese manga series and franchise

Case Closed, also known as Detective Conan, is a Japanese detective manga series written and illustrated by Gosho Aoyama. It has been serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday since January 1994, with its chapters collected in 104 tankōbon volumes as of October 2023. Due to legal problems with the name Detective Conan, the English language releases from Funimation and Viz Media were renamed to Case Closed. The story follows the high school detective Shinichi Kudo, whose body was transformed into that of an elementary school-age child while investigating a mysterious organization. Generally, he solves a multitude of cases by impersonating his childhood best friend's father and various other characters.

<i>Witch Hunter Robin</i> Japanese anime television series

Witch Hunter Robin is a 2002 Japanese anime series created by Sunrise and animation director Shūkō Murase. The series originally aired in Japan on TV Tokyo between July and December 2002. The series was licensed for North American distribution by Bandai Entertainment. The series follows a fictional Japanese branch of a secret global organization called "SOLOMON" or the "Solomon Toukatsu Nin'idantai", abbreviated as "STN" or "STN-J". Solomon fights the harmful use of witchcraft using a database of witches, which includes those who have obtained the power of witchcraft through genetics and others who carry the gene in order to arrest or eliminate them should their powers "awaken". The series focuses on one STN-J member, Robin Sena.

<i>Patlabor</i> Anime and manga franchise

Mobile Police Patlabor, also known as Patlabor, is a Japanese science fiction media franchise created by Headgear, a group consisting of manga artist Masami Yūki, director Mamoru Oshii, screenwriter Kazunori Itō, mecha designer Yutaka Izubuchi, and character designer Akemi Takada.

<i>Tokyo Mew Mew</i> Japanese manga series and its franchise

Tokyo Mew Mew is a Japanese manga series created and written by Reiko Yoshida and illustrated by Mia Ikumi. It was originally serialized in Kodansha's shōjo manga magazine Nakayoshi from September 2000 to February 2003, with its chapters collected in seven tankōbon volumes by Kodansha. It focuses on five girls infused with the DNA of endangered animals which gives them special powers and allows them to transform into "Mew Mews". Led by Ichigo Momomiya, the girls protect Earth from aliens who wish to "reclaim" it.

<i>Samurai Champloo</i> 2004 anime television series

Samurai Champloo is a 2004 Japanese historical adventure anime television series. The debut television production of studio Manglobe, the 26-episode series aired from May 2004 to March 2005. It was first partially broadcast on Fuji TV, then had a complete airing on Fuji Network System. It was licensed for North American broadcast on Adult Swim, and for commercial release first by Geneon Entertainment and later by Crunchyroll. It was also licensed for English releases in the United Kingdom by MVM Films, and in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment. A manga adaptation was serialized in Monthly Shōnen Ace during 2004, later released in North America by Tokyopop the following year.

<i>Hunter × Hunter</i> Japanese manga series

Hunter × Hunter is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Togashi. It has been serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump since March 1998, although the manga has frequently gone on extended hiatuses since 2006. Its chapters have been collected in 37 tankōbon volumes as of November 2022. The story focuses on a young boy named Gon Freecss who discovers that his father, who left him at a young age, is actually a world-renowned Hunter, a licensed professional who specializes in fantastical pursuits such as locating rare or unidentified animal species, treasure hunting, surveying unexplored enclaves, or hunting down lawless individuals. Gon departs on a journey to become a Hunter and eventually find his father. Along the way, Gon meets various other Hunters and encounters the paranormal.

<i>Pita-Ten</i> Japanese manga & anime television series

Pita-Ten is a Japanese manga by Koge-Donbo. It was serialized in the shōnen manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao! between the October 1999 and August 2003 issues and was later collected into eight tankōbon volumes. The eight volumes were localized for North America by Tokyopop; Madman Entertainment used Tokyopop's translations for distribution in Australasia. The plot follows Kotarou Higuchi who becomes acquainted with the angel Misha, and the demon Shia.

<i>GetBackers</i> Japanese manga series

GetBackers is a Japanese manga series written by Yuya Aoki and illustrated by Rando Ayamine. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from March 1999 to February 2007, with its chapters collected in 39 tankōbon volumes. The plot follows the "GetBackers", a group that retrieves anything that was lost. The team is primarily composed of Ban Mido, a man born with the illusionary technique "Evil Eye", and Ginji Amano the former leader of a gang called "The Volts", a powerful group in the dangerous territory called the Infinity Fortress in Shinjuku.

<i>The Candidate for Goddess</i> Manga written and illustrated by Yukiru Sugisaki

The Candidate for Goddess is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Yukiru Sugisaki. The series takes place in the distant future, where human beings live among space colonies and a single, inhabitable planet called Zion. The plot follows Zero Enna and his fellow candidates as they try to prove themselves worthy of piloting the "Ingrids", also called "Goddesses". These gigantic, humanoid weapons are humanity's only significant defense against a hostile, alien threat known as "Victim".

<i>Brain Powerd</i> Japanese anime television series

Brain Powerd is a Japanese anime television series created by Sunrise. It was directed and written by Gundam creator Yoshiyuki Tomino and features mecha designs by Mamoru Nagano, character designs by Mutsumi Inomata, and music by Yoko Kanno. The 26 episodes of the series originally premiered on the satellite channel WOWOW between April and November 1998. The series was also aired across Japan on the anime network Animax, which also later broadcast the series across its respective networks worldwide, including its English language networks in Southeast Asia and South Asia. Animax aired Bandai Entertainment's localization, the series' English language television premiere. The anime series was licensed by Bandai and distributed across the region on DVD under the title Brain Powered.

<i>Blood+</i> 2005 Japanese anime series

Blood+ is a Japanese anime television series produced by Production I.G and Aniplex and directed and written by Junichi Fujisaku. The series was broadcast on MBS and TBS from October 2005 to September 2006. Blood+ is licensed for international distribution in several regions through Sony Pictures' international arm, Sony Pictures Television International (SPTI).

<i>Hell Girl</i> Japanese anime television series and its franchise

Hell Girl, also known as Jigoku Shōjo: Girl from Hell, is a Japanese anime series conceptualized by Hiroshi Watanabe and produced by SKY Perfect Well Think, Tokyo MX, Wakasa Seikatsu, Fujishoji, Aniplex and Studio Deen. It is directed by Watanabe and Takahiro Omori, with Kenichi Kanemaki handling series composition, Mariko Oka designing the characters and Yasuharu Takanashi, Hiromi Mizutani and Kenji Fujisawa composing the music. The series focuses on the existence of a supernatural system that allows people to take revenge by having other people sent to Hell via the services of the mysterious title character and her assistants who implement this system. Revenge, injustice, hatred, and the nature of human emotions are common themes throughout the series.

<i>Code Geass</i> 2006 Japanese television anime series

Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion, often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime television series produced by Sunrise. It was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi, with original character designs by Clamp. Set in an alternate timeline, it follows the exiled prince Lelouch Lamperouge, who obtains the "power of absolute obedience" from a mysterious woman named C.C. Using this supernatural power, known as Geass, he leads a rebellion against the rule of the Holy Britannian Empire, commanding a series of mecha battles.

<i>Fullmetal Alchemist</i> (TV series) 2003 Japanese anime series directed by Seiji Mizushima

Fullmetal Alchemist is a Japanese anime television series loosely adapted from the original manga series of the same name by Hiromu Arakawa. Comprising 51 episodes, it was produced by the animation studio Bones for Mainichi Broadcasting System and Aniplex, and directed by Seiji Mizushima. It was broadcast on MBS in Japan from October 2003 to October 2004.

References

  1. 1 2 "Adult Swim Announces 3 New Anime Series For 2004". ICv2 . November 25, 2003. Retrieved November 28, 2019. Produced by Bandai Visual and Studio Bones, Wolf's Rain is a dark fantasy set in a post apocalyptic future where cities are run by decadent nobles and wolves have been extinct for over 200 years
  2. 1 2 Beckett, James (May 28, 2020). "Episodes 1-2 - Wolf's Rain". Anime News Network . Retrieved June 23, 2020. It's a gothic-fantasy dystopian epic about a bunch of snappily dressed wolf bros who are all varying degrees of Good Boys
  3. ↑ Santos, Carlo (November 18, 2004). "Wolf's Rain GN 1 - Review". Anime News Network . Retrieved September 2, 2018. Tackling the usual themes of man against nature in a post-apocalyptic world, Wolf's Rain approaches it from a different angle by placing wolves at the core of the story.
  4. ↑ "City of Howls". Wolf's Rain. Episode 1.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Nobumoto, Keiko (November 3, 2004). Wolf's Rain, Volume 1. Viz Media. ISBN   1-59116-591-1.
  6. 1 2 Nobumoto, Keiko (February 1, 2005). Wolf's Rain, Volume 2. Viz Media. ISBN   1-59116-718-3.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Wolf's Rain". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  8. ↑ "Interview: Tensai Okamura". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  9. ↑ "Wolf's Rain" (in Japanese). Bandai Channel. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  10. ↑ "New Anime in Japan". Anime News Network. November 30, 2003. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  11. ↑ Bundy, Rebecca (September 11, 2004). "Ms. Answerman: Apocalypse". Anime News Network . Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  12. ↑ "Fullmetal Alchemist and Wolf's Rain on UK TV". Anime News Network. November 2, 2005. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  13. ↑ "Mezzo on Rapture". Anime News Network. June 21, 2006. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  14. ↑ "New Anime Central Schedule Begins on November 4th!!!". Anime Central.
  15. ↑ "Wolf's Rain". AnimeCentral . Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  16. 1 2 3 "Wolf's Rain". AnimeOnDVD.com. Retrieved February 28, 2008.
  17. ↑ "Bandai October Releases". Anime News Network. August 2, 2005. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
  18. ↑ "Funimation Licenses Wolf's Rain, The Mystic Archives of Dantalian Anime". Anime News Network. November 11, 2016.
  19. 1 2 "Wolf's Rain – Review". Anime News Network. March 12, 2004. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  20. 1 2 Patrick King (September 2004). "Wolf's Rain OST". Animefringe. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
  21. 1 2 3 "Wolf's Rain Discography List" (in Japanese). Victor Entertainment. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  22. ↑ "Viz to Publish 'Wolf's Rain' Manga". Anime News Network. July 27, 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  23. ↑ "Viz to Release Special Wolf's Rain Manga Box Set". Anime News Network. October 27, 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  24. 1 2 "Wolf's Rain manga series". VIZ Media. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  25. 1 2 Oppliger, John (September 24, 2003). "Ask John: Why Was Wolf's Rain So Bad?". AnimeNation. Archived from the original on January 16, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
  26. 1 2 "Bandai Announces Complete Collections". ICv2. August 4, 2004. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  27. ↑ "ICv2 2004 Anime Awards, Part 1". ICv2. January 13, 2005. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  28. ↑ "Manga Market Continues Robust Growth in '04". ICv2. January 26, 2005. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  29. ↑ Robinson, Tasha (July 12, 2004). "Anime Reviews: Wolf's Rain". SciFi Weekly. 10 (377). Sci Fi channel. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Carlo Santos (March 6, 2006). "Wolf's Rain DVD 1–7 – Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  31. ↑ Chris Beveridge (April 13, 2004). "Wolf's Rain Vol. #7 (of 7)". AnimeOnDVD.com. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  32. ↑ Chris Beveridge (December 13, 2004). "Wolf's Rain Vol. #4 (of 7)". AnimeOnDVD.com. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  33. ↑ Clements, Jonathan; Helen McCarthy (November 1, 2006). The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917, Revised and Expanded Edition (2nd ed.). Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. pp. 728–729. ISBN   1-933330-10-4. OCLC   71237342.
  34. ↑ "32nd Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners". AnnieAwards.com. July 28, 2006. Archived from the original on July 10, 2006. Retrieved July 29, 2006.
  35. ↑ "D.N.Angel Tops BookScan List". ICv2. February 18, 2005. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  36. ↑ "'Onegai Twins' Manga From DrMaster". ICv2. March 14, 2006. Retrieved December 29, 2007. Both the Please Teacher and the Onegai Twins manga were adapted from popular anime series, a reversal of the usual pattern in Japan where a popular manga typically inspires an anime adaptation, but this anime-to-manga method has produced some major manga hits in the U.S. such as the Cowboy Bebop, Wolf's Rain, and Samurai Champloo manga series, all of which were based on anime.
  37. ↑ Cooper, Liann (November 8, 2004). "Right Turn Only". Anime News Network. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  38. ↑ Santos, Carlo (November 18, 2004). "Wolf's Rain GN 1 Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  39. ↑ Thompson, Jason (October 9, 2007). Manga: The Complete Guide . New York City: Del Rey. ISBN   978-0-345-48590-8. OCLC   85833345.[ page needed ]
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.