Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), is a eukaryotic protein that mediates the nuclear export of various proteins and RNAs.
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), is a eukaryotic protein that mediates the nuclear export of various proteins and RNAs.
XPO1 (CRM1) originally was identified in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe in a genetic screen, and investigators determined that it was involved in control of the chromosome structure. [5] It was later shown to be the nuclear transport receptor for cargos with leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NES). [6] [7] [8] [9] The structural details of the interaction of XPO1 with its cargos were revealed two decades after the gene was identified. [10] [11] [12] [13]
XPO1 mediates NES-dependent protein transport. It exports several hundreds of different proteins from the nucleus. [14] [15] XPO1 is involved in the nuclear export of ribosomal subunits. [16] [17] [18] XPO1 plays a role in export of various RNAs including U snRNAs, rRNAs (as a part of ribosomal subunits), and some mRNAs. [19] [20] [21]
XPO1 is involved in various viral infections. For example, it is required for the nuclear export of HIV-1 RNA in complex with the viral protein Rev, an event that is a crucial part of the infection cycle. [22] XPO1 is affected in some cancer types [23] and is therefore viewed as a target for development of anti-cancer drugs. [24] Selinexor, a drug specifically targeting XPO1, was approved by the FDA for treatment of multiple myeloma. [25]
XPO1 has been shown to interact with:
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