| Xanthoparmelia ajoensis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Xanthoparmelia |
| Species: | X. ajoensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Xanthoparmelia ajoensis (T.H.Nash) Egan (1975) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Xanthoparmelia ajoensis is a foliose lichen that belongs to the genus Xanthoparmelia. The lichen is uncommon and is listed as vulnerable by the Nature Conservatory. [1]
Xanthoparmelia ajoensis grows to around 2–6 cm in diameter with irregularly lobate lobes which are approximately 1–3 mm wide. The upper surface of the lichen is yellow-green with cylindrical isidia. The lower surface is pale brown to brown. [2] [3] Xanthoparmelia ajoensis is a member of the Xanthoparmelia mexicana group, a complex of similar species that differ mainly in their secondary chemistry. [4]
Xanthoparmelia ajoensis is found in the North American southwest including the US states of Arizona, [5] California, [6] Colorado, and New Mexico and the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Sonora. [7]
Xanthoparmelia ajoensis has been recorded as containing usnic acid, 3-α-hydroxybarbatic acid, and diffractaic acid. [3] [7] [4]
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia, Usnea, Parmotrema, and Hypotrachyna.
Melanohalea is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 30 mostly Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterised by the presence of pseudocyphellae, usually on warts or on the tips of isidia, a non-pored epicortex and a medulla containing depsidones or lacking secondary metabolites. Melanohalea was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the morphologically similar genus Melanelia, which was created in 1978 for certain brown Parmelia species. The methods used to estimate the evolutionary history of Melanohalea suggest that its diversification primarily occurred during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs.
Xanthoparmelia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, South America, southern Africa, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.
Lecidea atrobrunnea is a group of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecideaceae. Previously though to represent a single, widely distributed crustose lichen, recent research has shown that the name represents many unique lineages of morphologically and chemically variable lichen-forming fungi that have not yet been precisely characterized. Members of this group are most diverse in mountains of the continental western United States and Alaska. With other lichen communities, it forms dark vertical drip-like stripings along drainage tracks in the rock faces, resulting in Native Americans giving the name "Face of a Young Woman Stained with Tears" to Half Dome. This combined lichen community appears black from a distance, but brown up close.
Xanthoparmelia maricopensis, the Maricopa rock-shield, is a 2–6 cm (0.8–2.4 in) wide, yellow-green foliose lichen in the Parmeliaceae family. It grows on igneous rock in southwestern North American deserts.
Lecanoric acid is a chemical produced by several species of lichen. Lecanoric acid is classified as a polyphenol and a didepside, and it functions as an antioxidant. It is an ester of orsellinic acid with itself.
Constipatic acid is a fatty acid found in several lichen species. It was isolated, identified, and named by Douglas Chester and John Alan Elix in a 1979 publication. The compound was extracted from the Australian leafy lichen called Xanthoparmelia constipata, which was collected on schist boulders west of Springton, South Australia. The related compounds protoconstipatic acid and dehydroconstipatic acid were also reported concurrently. Syo Kurokawa and Rex Filson had previously detected the compounds using thin-layer chromatography when they formally described the lichen as a new species in 1975, but had not characterised them chemically.
The Rhizocarpales are an order of lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Lecanoromycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. It has two families, Rhizocarpaceae and Sporastatiaceae, which contain mostly crustose lichens.
Salazinic acid is a depsidone with a lactone ring. It is found in some lichens, and is especially prevalent in Parmotrema and Bulbothrix, where its presence or absence is often used to help classify species in those genera.
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 800 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid, atranorin, lichexanthone, salazinic acid, and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing.
Xanthoparmelia californica is a lichen which belongs to the Xanthoparmelia genus. The lichen is uncommon and is listed as imperiled by the Nature Conservatory.
Xanthoparmelia subramigera is a lichen which belongs to the Xanthoparmelia genus.
Xanthoparmelia plittii is a foliose lichen in the genus Xanthoparmelia.
Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla is a foliose lichen that belongs to the genus Xanthoparmelia.
Xanthoparmelia joranadia is a lichen which belongs to the Xanthoparmelia genus. The lichen is rare and is listed as imperiled by the Nature Conservatory. It is noted for being similar to Xanthoparmelia arida and Xanthoparmelia lecanorica.
Xanthoparmelia montanensis is a lichen which belongs to the Xanthoparmelia genus. It is also known as the Montana Rock-shield Lichen.
Xanthoparmelia ahtii is a rock shield lichen that belongs to the family Parmeliaceae. One previous name for this species was Neofuscelia ahtii. The lichen is uncommon and is listed as imperiled by the Nature Conservatory.
Xanthoparmelia schmidtii is a lichen which belongs to the Xanthoparmelia genus. The lichen is uncommon and is listed as endangered by the Nature Conservatory.
Cliostomum spribillei is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the American Pacific Northwest and western Canada, where it grows on coniferous trees in old-growth forests. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2016 by the lichenologists Trevor Goward and Tor Tønsberg. The type specimen was collected by the first author near the headwaters of Grouse Creek at an altitude of 1,750 m (5,740 ft), where it was found growing on the branches and trunks of Abies lasiocarpa in an old-growth forest. The species epithet spribillei honors lichenologist Toby Spribille "for his many significant contributions to our knowledge of northwest North American lichens".
Xanthoparmelia wyomingica is a foliose lichen that belongs to the genus Xanthoparmelia.
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