Xanthophyllum lanceatum

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Xanthophyllum lanceatum
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Xanthophyllum lanceatum at Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (Thailand)
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Polygalaceae
Genus: Xanthophyllum
Species:
X. lanceatum
Binomial name
Xanthophyllum lanceatum
Synonyms [1]
  • Skaphium lanceatumMiq.
  • Xanthophyllum glaucum Wall. ex Hassk.
  • Xanthophyllum microcarpum Chodat
  • Banisterodes glaucum(Wall. ex Hassk.) Kuntze

Xanthophyllum lanceatum is a tree in the Polygalaceae family. It grows across Southeast Asia from Sumatera to Bangladesh. The leaves are used as a hops-substitute in beer making and the wood as fuel. Fish in the Mekong regularly eat the fruit, flowers and leaves.

Contents

Description

Xanthophyllum lanceatum is a tree that grows some 8-15m tall. [2] Flowering occurs in February and March in Thailand and Cambodia, with fruit appearing from April to July in Thailand. [3] [4]

The wood has an unusual anatomical feature in that amongst the ray cells there are procumbent, square and upright cells mixed throughout. [5]

Distribution

Xanthophyllum lanceatum is found across Southeast Asia, from Sumatera to Bangladesh. Countries and regions that it grows in include: Indonesia (Sumatera); Malaysia (Peninsular); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Laos; Myanmar; and Bangladesh.

Habitat & ecology

It is found in wet vegetation communities of Southeast Asia. [2]

Along the Phra Prong River (Sa Kaeo Province, eastern Thailand), the riparian vegetation community has large trees scattered along the river bank. [3] The common taxa are Hydnocarpus castaneus , this species, Dipterocarpus alatus , and Crateva magna . They show low natural regeneration, with few saplings and seedling. The 2 species, H. castaneus and X. lanceatum do show strong tolerance for flooding. [6] Seedlings of the 2 taxa showed no elongation or biomass suppression, and adventitious roots were found. This indicates that they may play a strong role in vegetation restoration. Elsewhere on the river is the Bodhivijjalaya College campus of Srinakharinwirot University. The riparian forest associated with this campus has the following trees: H. castaneus, Garuga pinnata , C. magna, Hopea odorata , D. alatus, Streblus asper , Knema globularia , Nauclea orientalis , and X. lanceatum. [7]

In the vegetation communities alongside the Mekong in Kratie and Steung Treng Provinces, Cambodia, this taxa is rare in the dense diverse strand community (last to be flooded each year, first to drain). [4] It grows on soils derived from metamorphic sandstone bedrock, at 20-25m altitude.

The fruit, flowers and leaves of this tree have been observed to be regularly eaten by fish by fishers in the Mekong at Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos, and the fruit was found amongst the stomach contents of Pangasius polyuranadon fish examined in that area. [8]

Vernacular names

In Thai the tree is known as chumsaeng. [7] Kânsaëng and pumsaèn are names used in Cambodia (Khmer). [2] . In Lao the plant is called soum seng [8]

Uses

The leaves have been used as a hops-substitute in beer making. [2] The wood is used as firewood. The bark is used in folk medicine to treat chickenpox

The extract from the fruit displayed excellent inhibitory activity against the plant-pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea [9]

History

The Nederlander botanist Johannes Jacobus Smith (1867-1947) described this species in 1912 in the publication Icones Bogorienses (Leiden). [10]

Further reading

Related Research Articles

<i>Xanthophyllum</i> Genus of trees and shrubs (Polygalaceae)

Xanthophyllum is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae;. The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as minyak berok in Malay or nyalin in the Iban language.

Xanthophyllum contractum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet contractum is from the Latin meaning "contracted", referring to short inflorescences and short fruit stalks.

Xanthophyllum ferrugineum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ferrugineum is from the Latin meaning "rust-coloured", referring to the inflorescences.

Xanthophyllum nigricans is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet nigricans is from the Latin meaning "blackish", referring to the drying of plant parts.

Xanthophyllum reflexum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet reflexum is from the Latin meaning "bent backwards", referring to the flower petals.

Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet subcoriaceum is from the Latin meaning "somewhat leathery", referring to the leaves.

Ziziphus cambodiana is a deciduous thorny shrub, or vine, some 2-6 m tall, found growing in secondary undergrowth in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, and northern Thailand.

<i>Dillenia pentagyna</i>

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A shrub or tree species in the Salicaceae family, Homalium brevidens is found in Laos and Cambodia.

Dendrolobium baccatum is a species of flowering plants in the Fabaceae family. A shrub, it occurs in Mainland Southeast Asia. People use it for food and fuel.

Elaeocarpus griffithii is a tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is found in parts of Island and Mainland Southeast Asia. It is used in construction, as firewood and in dyeing.

Elaeocarpus stipularis is a tree in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is found from the Aru Islands, eastern Indonesia, to Philippines, and through Mainland Southeast Asia to Odisha, India. It has edible fruit, its wood is used and some medical uses are ascribed to it.

Utania racemosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae. It occurs in Southeast Asia from Sumatera in Indonesia to the Andaman Islands in India. Its wood is used for timber and fuel.

Helicia nilagirica is a tree of the Proteaceae family. It grows from Thailand across Mainland Southeast Asia to Yunnan, Zhōngguó/China and over to Nepal. It is a source of wood, a pioneer reafforestation taxa, and an ethnomedicinal plant.

Memecylon caeruleum is a shrub or tree species in the Melastomataceae family. It is found from New Guinea, west through Southeast Asia to Tibet, Zhōngguó/China. It has become an invasive weed in the Seychelles. It has some local use for wood and food.

Pantadenia adenanthera is a shrub in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is found in parts of Southeast Asia. The species is used for its wood and edible fruit.

Quassia harmandiana is a freshwater mangrove shrub or small tree in the Simaroubaceae family. It is found in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The wood provides firewood. Certain fish eat the poisonous fruit

Stixis obtusifolia is a shrub or liana in the Resedaceae family. It is found in parts of Southeast Asia. The wood is used as fuel, the leaves as a tea.

Strychnos nux-blanda is a shrub or small tree in the Loganiaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and Assam. The wood is used as fuel; seeds are toxic, but used in folk-medicine. It is one of the plants featured in the garden of King Narai (1633–88) at Lopburi, Thailand.

Aporosa octandra is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae found from Queensland and New Guinea to Indonesia, Zhōngguó/China and India. It is a highly variable plant with 4 named varieties. Its wood is used in construction and to make implements, its fruit is edible. The Karbi people of Assam use the plant for dyeing, textile colours have quite some significance in their culture.

References

  1. ↑ "Xanthophyllum lanceatum (Miq.) J.J.Sm". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15.
  3. 1 2 Moungsrimuangdee, Boontida; with four others (2017). "Reproductive Phenology and growth of riparian species along Phra Prong River, Sa Kaeo Province, Eastern Thailand". Journal of Landscape Ecology. 10 (2): 35–48. doi: 10.1515/jlecol-2017-0003 . S2CID   90684064 . Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  4. 1 2 Maxwell, James F. (2009). "Vegetation and vascular flora of the Mekong River, Kratie and Steung Treng Provinces, Cambodia" (PDF). Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology. 3 (1): 143–211. ISSN   1905-7873 . Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  5. ↑ Wheeler, Elisabeth; Baas, Pieter; Gasson, Peter (1989). "IAWA List of Microcopic Features for Hardwood Identification" (PDF). IAWA Journal. 10 (3, January): 219–332. doi:10.1163/22941932-90000496 . Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  6. ↑ Moungsrimuangdee, Boontida; Waiboonya, Panya; Yodsa-nga, Prapatsorn; Larpkern, Panadda (2020). "Responses to Flooding of Two Riparian Tree Species in the Lowland Tropical Forests of Thailand". Environment and Natural Resources Journal. 18 (2): 200–208. doi: 10.32526/ennrj.18.2.2020.19 . Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  7. 1 2 Moungsrimuangdee, Boontida; Nawajongpan, Thonyaporn (2016). "A Survey of Riparian Species in the Bodhivijjalaya College's Forest, Srinakharinwirot University, Sa Kaeo". Thai J. For. 35 (3): 15–29. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  8. 1 2 Baird, Ian G. (2007). "Fishes and forests: the importance of seasonally flooded riverine habitat for Mekong River fish feeding" (PDF). Nat. HRSR. Bull. Siam Soc. 55 (1): 121–148. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  9. ↑ Jantasorn, Arom; Moungsrimuangdee, Boontida; Dethoup, Tida (2016). "In vitro antifungal activity evaluation of five plant extracts against five plant pathogenic fungi causing rice and economic crop diseases" (PDF). Journal of Biopesticides. 9 (1): 1–7. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  10. ↑ "Xanthophyllum lanceatum J.J.Sm., Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] 4: t. 334 (1912)". International Plant Name Index (IPNI). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
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