Xanthophyllum

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Xanthophyllum
Xanthophyllum arnottianum 20.JPG
Xanthophyllum flavescens, India
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Polygalaceae
Tribe: Xanthophylleae
Chodat
Genus: Xanthophyllum
Roxb. [1] [2]
Species

See text

Synonyms [3]
  • BanisterodesKuntze
  • EystathesLour.
  • JakkiaBlume
  • KaulfussiaDennst.
  • MacintyriaF.Muell.
  • PelaeAdans.
  • SkaphiumMiq.

Xanthophyllum is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; [3] [2] (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as minyak berok in Malay or nyalin in the Iban language. [4]

Contents

Description

Xanthophyllum species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. X. ecarinatum , X. obscurum and X. stipitatum . [4]

Distribution and habitat

Xanthophyllum grows naturally from India in tropical Asia to northern Australia. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or kerangas forests. [4]

Species

As of February 2021, the following is a list of accepted species: [3]

Related Research Articles

Xanthophyllum beccarianum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari.

Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ceraceifolium means "waxy leaf", referring to the appearance of the leaves.

Xanthophyllum clovis is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet clovis is from the French meaning "nail" or "clove", referring to the clove-like appearance of the buds.

Xanthophyllum ellipticum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ellipticum is from the Latin meaning "elliptical", referring to the leaves.

Xanthophyllum flavescens is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet flavescens is from the Latin meaning "becoming yellow", referring to the leaves.

Xanthophyllum impressum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet impressum is from the Latin meaning "impressed", referring to the enclosed position of the axillary buds.

Xanthophyllum lineare is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet lineare is from the Latin meaning "line", referring to the linear shape of the leaves.

Xanthophyllum neglectum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet neglectum is from the Latin meaning "neglected", referring to how the species has been long overlooked.

Xanthophyllum obscurum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet obscurum is from the Latin meaning "dark", referring to the dark colour of the dried flowers and fruits.

Xanthophyllum pauciflorum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet pauciflorum is from the Latin meaning "few flowers", referring to the inflorescences.

Xanthophyllum pedicellatum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet pedicellatum is from the Latin, referring to the long pedicel.

Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet pseudoadenotus is from the Greek, referring to the plant's resemblance to X. adenotus.

Xanthophyllum ramiflorum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ramiflorum is from the Latin meaning "flowering on the branches".

Xanthophyllum reflexum is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet reflexum is from the Latin meaning "bent backwards", referring to the flower petals.

Xanthophyllum reticulatum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet reticulatum is from the Latin meaning "netted", referring to the leaf veins.

Xanthophyllum stipitatum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet stipitatum is from the Latin meaning "stalked", referring to the ovary of the flower.

Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet subcoriaceum is from the Latin meaning "somewhat leathery", referring to the leaves.

Xanthophyllum tardicrescens is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet tardicrescens is from the Latin meaning "slowly growing", referring to the twigs.

Xanthophyllum tenue is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet tenue is from the Latin meaning "slender", referring to the twigs.

Xanthophyllum trichocladum is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet trichocladum is from the Greek meaning "hairy twig".

References

  1. ↑ Roxburgh, William (1819). Plants of the Coast of Coromandel (Digitised, online). Vol. 3. East India Company. pp. 81–2. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013– via biodiversitylibrary.org.
  2. 1 2 Meijden, R. van der (1988). "Xanthophyllum". In Adema, F.; Leenhouts, P. W.; van Welzen, P. C. (eds.). Flora Malesiana (Digitised, online). Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants. Vol. 10 pt. 3: Polygalaceae. Leiden, The Netherlands: Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University. pp. 493–539. ISBN   90-247-3736-2 . Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 "Xanthophyllum Roxb". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 De Wilde, W. J. J. O.; Duyfjes, Brigitta E. E. (March 2007). "Xanthophyllum Roxb." (PDF). In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L. G.; Chung, R. C. K.; Kiew, Ruth (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 6. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 221–235. ISBN   978-983-2181-89-7 . Retrieved 18 March 2014.
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