Xin Lu | |
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| Website | https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/principal-investigators/researcher/xin-lu  |
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| Thesis | A study of intermediate filament formation using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer |
| Doctoral advisor | Ellen Lane |
Xin Lu FRS is a Professor of Cancer Biology and Director of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research at the University of Oxford. [1] She is known for her discovery of and research on the ASPP family of proteins. [2] [3]
Xin Lu completed her undergraduate education in Biochemistry at Sichuan University in 1982 and her master's degree in Cell and Molecular Biology at the Cancer Institute, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in 1985. She moved to University College London (UCL) [4] to complete her PhD studies supervised by Birgit Lane, [5] and published her thesis A study of intermediate filament formation using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in 1991. [6]
In 1993, after a short postdoc with David Lane at Dundee University, she joined the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), which was based at St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London and set up her own research group. [4] In 2004 Lu was appointed Director of Research at Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research London Branch, and Professor of Cancer Biology at University College London. In 2007 she moved the institute to Oxford. [7] [8]
Lu, X (1993). "Differential induction of transcriptionally active p53 following UV or lonizing radiation: Defects in chromosome instability syndromes?". Cell. 75 (4): 765–778. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90496-d . PMID 8242748.
Hsieh, Jung-Kuang; Chan, Florence S.G; O’Connor, Daniel J; Mittnacht, Sibylle; Zhong, Shan; Lu, Xin (1999). "RB Regulates the Stability and the Apoptotic Function of p53 via MDM2". Molecular Cell. 3 (2): 181–193. doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80309-3 . PMID 10078201.
Samuels-Lev, Yardena; O'Connor, Daniel J.; Bergamaschi, Daniele; Trigiante, Giuseppe; Hsieh, Jung-Kuang; Zhong, Shan; Campargue, Isabelle; Naumovski, Louie; Crook, Tim (2001). "ASPP Proteins Specifically Stimulate the Apoptotic Function of p53". Molecular Cell. 8 (4): 781–794. doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00367-7 . PMID 11684014.
Lu, Min; Zak, Jaroslav; Chen, Shuo; Sanchez-Pulido, Luis; Severson, David T.; Endicott, Jane; Ponting, Chris P.; Schofield, Christopher J.; Lu, Xin (2014). "A Code for RanGDP Binding in Ankyrin Repeats Defines a Nuclear Import Pathway". Cell. 157 (5): 1130–1145. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.006 . PMID 24855949.
Bergamaschi, Daniele; Samuels, Yardena; O'Neil, Nigel J.; Trigiante, Giuseppe; Crook, Tim; Hsieh, Jung-Kuang; O'Connor, Daniel J.; Zhong, Shan; Campargue, Isabelle (2003). "iASPP oncoprotein is a key inhibitor of p53 conserved from worm to human". Nature Genetics. 33 (2): 162–167. doi:10.1038/ng1070. ISSN 1546-1718. PMID 12524540. S2CID 22841392.
Notari, Mario; Hu, Ying; Sutendra, Gopinath; Dedeić, Zinaida; Lu, Min; Dupays, Laurent; Yavari, Arash; Carr, Carolyn A.; Zhong, Shan (2015-03-03). "iASPP, a previously unidentified regulator of desmosomes, prevents arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)-induced sudden death". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (9): E973–E981. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E.973N. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1408111112 . PMC 4352828 . PMID 25691752.
Wang, Yihua; Bu, Fangfang; Royer, Christophe; Serres, Sébastien; Larkin, James R.; Soto, Manuel Sarmiento; Sibson, Nicola R.; Salter, Victoria; Fritzsche, Florian (2014). "ASPP2 controls epithelial plasticity and inhibits metastasis through β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1". Nature Cell Biology. 16 (11): 1092–1104. doi:10.1038/ncb3050. ISSN 1476-4679. PMID 25344754. S2CID 20735236.
Turnquist, Casmir; Wang, Yihua; Severson, David T.; Zhong, Shan; Sun, Bin; Ma, Jingyi; Constantinescu, Stefan N.; Ansorge, Olaf; Stolp, Helen B. (2014-07-08). "STAT1-induced ASPP2 transcription identifies a link between neuroinflammation, cell polarity, and tumor suppression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (27): 9834–9839. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.9834T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1407898111 . PMC 4103354 . PMID 24958857.
Lu, Min; Breyssens, Hilde; Salter, Victoria; Zhong, Shan; Hu, Ying; Baer, Caroline; Ratnayaka, Indrika; Sullivan, Alex; Brown, Nicholas R. (2013). "Restoring p53 Function in Human Melanoma Cells by Inhibiting MDM2 and Cyclin B1/CDK1-Phosphorylated Nuclear iASPP". Cancer Cell. 23 (5): 618–633. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.013 . PMID 23623661.
Wang, Yihua; Wang, Xiao Dan; Lapi, Eleonora; Sullivan, Alexandra; Jia, Wei; He, You-Wen; Ratnayaka, Indrika; Zhong, Shan; Goldin, Robert D. (2012-08-14). "Autophagic activity dictates the cellular response to oncogenic RAS". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (33): 13325–13330. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913325W. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1120193109 . PMC 3421174 . PMID 22847423.
Notari, Mario; Hu, Ying; Koch, Sofia; Lu, Min; Ratnayaka, Indrika; Zhong, Shan; Baer, Caroline; Pagotto, Anna; Goldin, Robert (2011-10-04). "Inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) prevents senescence and is required for epithelial stratification". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (40): 16645–16650. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10816645N. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1102292108 . PMC 3189025 . PMID 21930934.
Slee, Elizabeth A.; Benassi, Barbara; Goldin, Robert; Zhong, Shan; Ratnayaka, Indrika; Blandino, Giovanni; Lu, Xin (2010-11-09). "Phosphorylation of Ser312 contributes to tumor suppression by p53 in vivo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (45): 19479–19484. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10719479S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005165107 . PMC 2984175 . PMID 20962274.
p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53, or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins are crucial in vertebrates, where they prevent cancer formation. As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation. Hence TP53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene.
Ludwig Cancer Research is an international community of scientists focused on cancer research, with the goal of preventing and controlling cancer. It encompasses the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, an international non-profit organization founded in 1971 by philanthropist Daniel K. Ludwig. The Institute is headquartered in New York City, with a European office located in Zürich. There are currently three Ludwig Branches: Ludwig Lausanne, Ludwig Oxford and Ludwig Princeton. In addition, there are six Ludwig Centers at leading institutions across the United States of America. Together, the Institute, Branches and Centers are known as Ludwig Cancer Research.
Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDM2 gene. Mdm2 is an important negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. Mdm2 protein functions both as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes the N-terminal trans-activation domain (TAD) of the p53 tumor suppressor and as an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activation.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are complexes of RNA and protein present in the cell nucleus during gene transcription and subsequent post-transcriptional modification of the newly synthesized RNA (pre-mRNA). The presence of the proteins bound to a pre-mRNA molecule serves as a signal that the pre-mRNA is not yet fully processed and therefore not ready for export to the cytoplasm. Since most mature RNA is exported from the nucleus relatively quickly, most RNA-binding protein in the nucleus exist as heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles. After splicing has occurred, the proteins remain bound to spliced introns and target them for degradation.
Transcription factor Jun is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUN gene. c-Jun, in combination with protein c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the JUN gene. c-jun was the first oncogenic transcription factor discovered. The proto-oncogene c-Jun is the cellular homolog of the viral oncoprotein v-jun. The viral homolog v-jun was discovered in avian sarcoma virus 17 and was named for ju-nana, the Japanese word for 17. The human JUN encodes a protein that is highly similar to the viral protein, which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. This gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies.
Karen Heather Vousden is a British medical researcher. She is known for her work on the tumour suppressor protein, p53, and in particular her discovery of the important regulatory role of Mdm2, an attractive target for anti-cancer agents. From 2003 to 2016, she was the director of the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute in Glasgow, UK, moving back to London in 2016 to take up the role of Chief Scientist at CRUK and Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1, also known as polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) or serine/threonine-protein kinase 13 (STPK13), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLK1 gene.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7, or cell division protein kinase 7, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK7 gene.
Bruce Alan Beutler is an American immunologist and geneticist. Together with Jules A. Hoffmann, he received one-half of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for "discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity." Beutler discovered the long-elusive receptor for lipopolysaccharide. He did so by identifying spontaneous mutations in the gene coding for mouse Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) in two unrelated strains of LPS-refractory mice and proving they were responsible for that phenotype. Subsequently, and chiefly through the work of Shizuo Akira, other TLRs were shown to detect signature molecules of most infectious microbes, in each case triggering an innate immune response.
Histone deacetylase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC5 gene.
Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) also known as Bcl2-binding protein (Bbp) and tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 2 (p53BP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TP53BP2 gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
RelA-associated inhibitor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R13L gene.
Inhibitor of growth protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING2 gene.
Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R13B gene.
Simon N. Powell is a British cancer researcher and radiation oncologist residing in New York City.
Shaomeng Wang is a Chinese-American chemist currently the Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis Professor in Medicine at University of Michigan and a former Co-Editor-in-Chief at American Chemical Society's Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. A cited expert in his field, his interests are synthesis and design of moleculars, neurological diseases and computational and informatics. He was Elected as Fellow at the National Academy of Inventors in 2014. Dr. Wang was named to the AAAS Fellows Section on Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2019, and is the recipient of the Division of Medicinal Chemistry Award 2020 American Chemical Society.
Guillermina 'Gigi' Lozano is an American geneticist. She is a Professor and Hubert L. Olive Stringer Distinguished Chair in Oncology in Honor of Sue Gribble Stringer at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Lozano is recognised for her studies of the p53 tumour suppressor pathway, characterising the protein as a regulator of gene expression and that is disturbed in many cancers. She was the first to recognize that the p53 gene encoded a transcriptional activator of other genes Her lab has made significant contributions by developing and analyzing mouse models to study the activities of mutant p53, revealing how these mutations drive tumor development and progression. She also found out how the Mdm2 and Mdm4 proteins work in the body, especially in stopping cancer and controlling p53. This research suggested that blocking Mdm2/4 could be a new way to treat cancer.
Galit Lahav is an Israeli-American systems biologist and Professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School. In 2018 she became Chair of the Department of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School. She is known for discovering the pulsatile behavior of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and uncovering its significance for cell fate, and for her contributions to the culture of mentoring in science. She lives in Boston, Massachusetts.
Peter Maxwell Howley is an American pathologist, virologist, and professor at Harvard Medical School. He has been president of the American Society for Virology and the American Society for Investigative Pathology and a co-editor of the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease.
Alan Garfinkel is Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles in the departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Integrative Biology and Physiology. His research work applies nonlinear dynamics to cardiac arrhythmias and to the creation of biological patterns in space and time. As a teacher, he created a new course to teach dynamics and modeling to biology students, with no "calculus" prerequisite.
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