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DESY, short for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, is a national research centre for fundamental science located in Hamburg and Zeuthen near Berlin in Germany. It operates particle accelerators used to investigate the structure, dynamics and function of matter, and conducts a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary scientific research in four main areas: particle and high energy physics; photon science; astroparticle physics; and the development, construction and operation of particle accelerators. Its name refers to its first project, an electron synchrotron. DESY is publicly financed by the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal States of Hamburg and Brandenburg and is a member of the Helmholtz Association.
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X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms. It occurs due to elastic scattering, when there is no change in the energy of the waves. The resulting map of the directions of the X-rays far from the sample is called a diffraction pattern. It is different from X-ray crystallography which exploits X-ray diffraction to determine the arrangement of atoms in materials, and also has other components such as ways to map from experimental diffraction measurements to the positions of atoms.
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This is a timeline of crystallography.
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Janos Hajdu is a Swedish/Hungarian scientist, who has made contributions to biochemistry, biophysics, and the science of X-ray free-electron lasers. He is a professor of molecular biophysics at Uppsala University and a leading scientist at the European Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC in Prague.
Dark-field X-ray microscopy is an imaging technique used for multiscale structural characterisation. It is capable of mapping deeply embedded structural elements with nm-resolution using synchrotron X-ray diffraction-based imaging. The technique works by using scattered X-rays to create a high degree of contrast, and by measuring the intensity and spatial distribution of the diffracted beams, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional map of the sample's structure, orientation, and local strain.
Gregori Aminoff was a Swedish mineralogist, artist, and a member of the Aminoff family. During his career, Aminoff introduced X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction to the Swedish scientific community and was a pioneer in crystallography in Sweden.
References
- ↑ "Leibniz Prize 2015 for Henry N. Chapman". deutschland.de. Fazit Communication GmbH. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ↑ Chapman, Henry N.; et al. (2011). "Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography". Nature. 470 (7332): 73–77. doi:10.1038/nature09750. PMC 3429598 . PMID 21293373.
- ↑ Kupitz, Christopher; et al. (2014). "Serial time-resolved crystallography of photosystem II using a femtosecond X-ray laser". Nature. 513 (7517): 261–265. doi:10.1038/nature13453. PMC 4821544 . PMID 25043005.
- ↑ Pool, Rebecca (22 June 2020). "Henry Chapman: Bright lights, brilliant experiments". Wiley Analytical Science.
- ↑ Henry Chapman – DESY
- ↑ "Gregori Aminoff Prize 2021". Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
- ↑ Henry Chapman – Royal Society
- ↑ Roentgen Medal 2017 for Henry Chapman – DESY
- ↑ „Forschung von allerhöchster Qualität“: DFG vergibt Leibniz-Preise 2015
- ↑ Henry Chapman is awarded the Bjørn H. Wiik Prize – Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- ↑ The Bragg Gold Medal for Excellence in Physics – Australian Institute of Physics
