Ye Yanlan | |
---|---|
葉衍蘭 | |
Born | 1823 |
Died | 1897/1898 |
Relatives | Ye Gongchuo (grandson) |
Ye Yanlan (simplified Chinese :叶衍兰; traditional Chinese :葉衍蘭; pinyin :Yè Yǎnlán, 1823–1897/1898) was a Chinese poet, painter, calligrapher, and official in the Qing dynasty. Born in Panyu County, Guangdong, he attended the Yuehua Academy and Xuehai Academy before taking the imperial examination, earning the title of juren in 1852 and the title of jinshi in 1856. Before his retirement in 1882, he had worked at the Hanlin Academy and headed the Ministry of Revenue. He spent his post-retirement career as a teacher at the Yueha Academy.
An avid collector of art, Ye produced collections depicting the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, Ming- and Qing-dynasty literati, and prominent Qing leaders. He also wrote numerous poems, gaining recognition as one of Guangdong's best ci writers. His calligraphy was noted for its refined brushwork.
Ye was born in Panyu County, Guangdong, in 1823. His father, Ye Yinghua, had been a noted lyricist who also produced numerous paintings of orchids. [1] He took up poetry at a young age, studying under Zhang Weiping . While attending the Yuehua Academy (越華書院), he gained attention for a series of twelve works known collectively as the Mandarin Duck Poems, which were widely discussed in contemporary poetry circles. [1] Ye also attended the Xuehai Academy , under the tutelage of Chen Li. [2]
As an adult, Ye took the courtesy name Nanxue (南雪, meaning "Southern Snow"). [3] He completed the provincial examination, gaining the title of juren in 1852, [4] followed by the imperial examination in 1856, gaining the title of jinshi . Ye therefore became an official in the Qing dynasty. [1] He first worked at the Hanlin Academy [3] and later became the magistrate for Jiujiang, Jianxi. [5] He later headed the Ministry of Revenue and served as secretary of the military. [1]
Living and operating in Beijing, Ye interacted frequently with artists and bureaucrats [1] and built an extensive art collection. [5] He collected numerous antiquities, showing a fondness for early inscriptions and bronzes [6] and works from the Song dynasty. [7] Ye had one wife, six concubines, [8] and several sons, with some of his sons entering the bureaucracy. His son Ye Peiqiang (葉佩瑲), for instance, became a muyou (legal specialist) in Shandong. [9]
Ye retired from the government in 1882, deciding to return to Guangdong with his family; [10] according to the family's oral tradition, he was dismissed for speaking Cantonese in front of the Manchu emperor. [3] Ye returned to the Yuehua Academy as a teacher, [1] then later as its director. [11] With Zhang Jingqi, Ye produced a book titled Qinhuai Bayan Tuyong (秦淮八豔圖詠) in 1892. Detailing the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, it included portraits and biographies of each woman by Ye as well as lyrical poetry by Ye and Zhang. [12] Ye died in 1897 [13] or 1898. [2]
While in Beijing, Ye collected 171 portraits of Qing-dynasty scholars, [1] ranging from the 16th century through the 19th century. He created reproductions of these works, either by himself or through a hired copy-painter, [14] and added notes for each one. These were eventually published by his grandson, Ye Gongchuo, in 1928 as Portraits of Scholars of the Qing Dynasty . [1] A second volume, completed solely by Ye Gongchuo, followed in 1953. [2] Regarding Ye's portrait of the philosopher Dai Zhen, the historian Minghui Hu notes an "eerie sense of photorealism", which he attributes to Ye's interest in the emerging art of photography. [15] A similar album, documenting Chinese literati from the Ming and Qing dynasties, is held by the National Museum of China and was the subject of an exhibition in 2022. [16]
The Ye family collection of art was maintained for several further generations, with Ye Gongchuo adding extensively to it. [3] In 2003, Ye's great-grandchildren Max Yeh and Yeh Tung donated 135 paintings and works of calligraphy to the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco. These included the Yinfu Jing by 7th-century calligrapher Chu Suiliang as well as the Duojing Lou by the 11th-century artist Mi Fu. [17]
Ye learned from Zhang Weiping, a poet from Panyu. His early poetry also showed the influences of Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan . [1] In his youth, he was recognized for the Mandarin Duck Poems. One, quoted in the Southern Metropolis Daily , reads:
Chinese [1] | English |
文采翩翩絕世才 | A gifted writer of extraordinary talent |
Imagery of the moon and flowers was common in his poetry. Some later works, however, responded to contemporary political developments. With the destruction of the Beiyang Fleet during the First Sino-Japanese War, he wrote a poem titled "Bodhisattva" (菩薩蠻), which saw wide circulation. [1]
Ye became known as one of the three masters of ci in Guangdong, [1] together with Wang Quan and Shen Shiliang. [13] In his preface to Ye's collection Haiyun Pavilion Poetry Collection (海雲閣詩鈔), the poet Wang Quan described his works as "clear and rich, ornate, with an unconcealed spirit; strict in rhythm, but unconstrained in talent". [a] [1] Other literary publications by Ye included Qiu Meng An Poetry Notes (秋夢庵詩鈔) and Qiu Meng An Poems (秋夢庵詞). [1]
In his calligraphy, Ye was noted for his refined brushwork. He specialized in ancient seals, semi-cursive script, and regular script. [18]
Ye Jianying was a Chinese Communist revolutionary leader and politician, one of the Ten Marshals of the People's Republic of China. He was the top military leader in the 1976 coup that overthrew the Gang of Four and ended the Cultural Revolution, and was the key supporter of Deng Xiaoping in his power struggle with Hua Guofeng. After Deng ascended to power, in his capacity as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Ye served as China's head of state during the period from 1978 to 1983.
Liu Rushi, also known as Yang Ai (楊愛), Liu Shi (柳是), Liu Yin (柳隱),Yang Yinlian (楊影憐) and Hedong Jun (河東君), was a Chinese courtesan, poet and writer in the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty.
Ye is a Chinese-language surname. It is listed 257th in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames, and is the 43rd most common surname in China, with a population of 5.8 million as of 2008 and 2019.
The literary inquisition, also known as speech crime (以言入罪), refers to official persecution of intellectuals for their writings in China. The Hanyu Da Cidian defines it as "when a ruler persecuted intellectuals by deliberately extracting words or phrases from an author's writings to fabricate charges against them." ("旧时谓统治者为迫害知识分子,故意从其著作中摘取字句,罗织成罪"). Literary inquisitions took place under each of the dynasties ruling China, although the Qing dynasty was particularly notorious for the practice.
The Affaire in the Swing Age, also known as The Dynasty or Love Against Kingship, is a 2003 Chinese television series based on the novel Jiangshan Fengyu Qing by Zhu Sujin, who was also the screenwriter for the series. The series depicts the events in the transition of the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty in China, focusing on the lives of historical figures such as Li Zicheng, Wu Sangui, Chen Yuanyuan, the Chongzhen Emperor and Huangtaiji.
Qing poetry refers to the poetry of or typical of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). Classical Chinese poetry continued to be the major poetic form of the Qing dynasty, during which the debates, trends and widespread literacy of the Ming period began to flourish once again after a transitional period during which the Qing dynasty had established its dominance. Also, popular versions of Classical Chinese poetry were transmitted through Qing dynasty anthologies, such as the collections of Tang poetry known as the Complete Tang Poems and the Three Hundred Tang Poems. The poetry of the Qing dynasty has an ongoing and growing body of scholarly literature associated with its study. Both the poetry of the Ming dynasty and the poetry of the Qing dynasty are studied for poetry associated with Chinese opera, the developmental trends of Classical Chinese poetry and the transition to the more vernacular type of Modern Chinese poetry, as well as poetry by women in Chinese culture.
Gong Dingzi (龔鼎孶) was a Chinese poet and politician. He was a famous author and Classical Chinese poet. He was also a government official serving under the Ming Chongzhen Emperor, the short-lived Dashun regime of peasant-rebel Li Zicheng, and then the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. Along with Wu Weiye and Qian Qianyi, Gong Dingzi was famous as one of the Three Masters of Jiangdong.
Florence Chia-ying Yeh, also known as Ye Jiaying, Jialing (迦陵), and by her married name Chia-ying Yeh Chao, was a Chinese-born Taiwanese-Canadian poet and sinologist. She was a scholar of classical Chinese poetry. Yeh taught for 20 years at the University of British Columbia (UBC), and was a Professor Emerita from her retirement in 1989. She was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. After retiring from UBC, she taught at Nankai University in Tianjin, where she was the founding Director of the Institute of Chinese Classical Culture.
Ma Shouzhen, also known by her courtesy name Ma Xianglan and pen name Yuejiao, was a Chinese courtesan and artist born in Nanjing during the late Ming dynasty (1550–1644). She was a renowned painter, poet, and composer, receiving the name Xianglan because her most favored paintings were of orchids.
Yehliu is one of the compound surnames of Hakka people in Taiwan. The people with the surname Yehliu are primarily living in Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, and Nantou areas.
Gu Mei, better known by her art name Gu Hengbo - also known as Xu Shanchi (徐善持) and Xu Zhizhu (徐智珠) after her marriage - was a Chinese Gējì, poet and painter. She received the title "Lady" (furen) from the early Qing court, and is often addressed as "Lady Hengbo" in Qing writings.
Li Xiangjun was a Gējì during the Ming dynasty. Her life was dramatised in the play The Peach Blossom Fan. Li Xiangjun's romance with Hou Fangyu has been called one of the greatest romances of Chinese history. She is one of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai described by late Qing officials. The other famed Gējìs of this group are Ma Xianglan, Bian Yujing, Dong Xiaowan, Liu Rushi, Gu Mei, Kou Baimen, and Chen Yuanyuan.
Cantonese poetry is poetry performed and composed primarily by Cantonese people. Most of this body of poetry uses classical Chinese grammar, but has been composed with Cantonese phonology in mind and needs to be read in the Cantonese language in order to rhyme.
Yang Shoujing was a Chinese antiquarian, bibliophile, calligrapher, diplomat, geographer, and historian. He is best known for the historical atlas Lidai yudi tu, commonly called the Yangtu, the most complete and scholarly historical atlas of China produced during the Qing dynasty. He devoted most of his life to the annotation of the 6th-century geographic work Shui jing zhu, which was completed by his disciple Xiong Huizhen and published as the Shui jing zhu shu.
The Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, also called the Eight Beauties of Jinling, were eight famous Yiji or Geji during the Ming-Qing transition period who resided along the Qinhuai River in Nankin. As well as possessing great beauty, they were all skilled in literature, poetry, fine arts, dancing and music.
Ye Zhemin, also romanized as Yeh Che-min, was a Chinese art historian and authority on the history of Chinese ceramics and calligraphy. He is credited with making a discovery that led to the identification of Qingliangsi as the kiln site for the rare Ru ware of the Song dynasty. His published works include the extensive History of Chinese Pottery and Porcelain.
Ye Fang'ai was a Han Chinese official during the Qing dynasty.
Ye Gongchuo was a Chinese politician, calligrapher, poet, and art patron. Born in Panyu County, Guangdong, to the family of a Qing dynasty official, Ye passed the imperial examination and joined the Ministry of Posts and Communications. He rose through the ministry rapidly, then allied himself with Sun Yat-sen's anti-Qing movement in the 1911 Revolution. During the first decades of the Republic of China, Ye occupied several ministerial positions as a member of the Communications Clique, at times working with the Beiyang government and other times siding with the Kuomintang.