This article is missing information about acid content (4.5/5.5% grades called B and K types [K型] in China; should be published in some product listing/images with the ingredients); other chemistry (aromatic compounds; look for GC-O studies); collective trademark (集体商标) and geographical protection (& standard GB/T 18623) status in China.(April 2019) |
Zhenjiang vinegar | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simplified Chinese | 镇江 香 醋 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 鎭江香醋 | ||||||
Literal meaning | Zhenjiang Aromatic Vinegar | ||||||
|
Zhenjiang or Chinkiang vinegar is a rice-based black vinegar widely used in Chinese cuisine. It takes its name from the city of Zhenjiang in Jiangsu province.
Chinese legend ascribes the invention of the vinegar to Heita,a son of Dukang,one of the culture heroes credited with inventing alcoholic beverages in China's prehistory. Supposedly,Heita forgot a vat of wine for 21 days and,remembering it at dusk,found it pleasantly sour. Historical records for the present vinegar can be traced back 1400 years. The primary producer of Zhenjiang vinegar at present—the Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar Industry Company—was established in 1840. [1] [2]
Production of Zhenjiang vinegar begins when a vinegar pei mixture (wheat bran,rice hull,alcohol obtained from saccharification of glutinous rice and vinegar seed from a prior batch) is poured into an urn until the urn is half-full. The mixture is kept warm for up to 3 days in summer and 6 days in winter. At that point,rice hull is added and mixed in once per day until the urn is full. Salt is added and the urn is stored for up to 3 months during which it undergoes an aging process. The vinegar is then leached and the soaking liquid from water-soaked,parched rice is added as a color and flavor enhancer. [1]
Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China,as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world. Because of the Chinese diaspora and historical power of the country,Chinese cuisine has profoundly influenced many other cuisines in Asia and beyond,with modifications made to cater to local palates. Chinese food staples such as rice,soy sauce,noodles,tea,chili oil,and tofu,and utensils such as chopsticks and the wok,can now be found worldwide.
Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings. Vinegar typically contains from 5% to 8% acetic acid by volume. Usually,the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation,converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast,and ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made,depending on source materials. The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful,acidic cooking ingredient,or in pickling. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes,including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.
Zhenjiang,alternately romanized as Chinkiang,is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu Province,China. It lies on the southern bank of the Yangtze River near its intersection with the Grand Canal. It is opposite Yangzhou and between Nanjing and Changzhou. Zhenjiang was formerly the provincial capital of Jiangsu and remains as an important transportation hub. As of the 2020 census,its total population was 3,210,418 inhabitants whom 1,266,790 lived in the built-up area made of the 3 urban districts. The town is best known both in China and abroad for Chinkiang vinegar,a fragrant black vinegar that is a staple of Chinese cooking.
Yangzhou,postal romanization Yangchow,is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province,East China. Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze,it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest,Huai'an to the north,Yancheng to the northeast,Taizhou to the east,and Zhenjiang across the river to the south. Its population was 4,559,797 at the 2020 census and its urban area is home to 2,635,435 inhabitants,including three urban districts,currently in the agglomeration.
Sweet and sour is a generic term that encompasses many styles of sauce,cuisine,and cooking methods. It is commonly used in East Asia and Southeast Asia and has been used in England since the Middle Ages. Sweet and sour sauce remains popular in Asian and Western cuisines.
Gaoyou,is a county-level city under the administration of Yangzhou,Jiangsu province,China,located in the Yangtze River Delta on the north side of the Yangtze River.
Changzhou is a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu,China. It was previously known as Yanling,Lanling,and Jinling. Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River,Changzhou borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west,Zhenjiang to the northwest,Wuxi to the east,and the province of Zhejiang to the south. Changzhou is located in the highly developed Yangtze Delta region of China extending from Shanghai going northwest. The population of the Changzhou Municipality was 5,278,121 at the 2020 census. The city is the birthplace of Zhou Youguang who created the pinyin romanization system.
Xiaolongbao refers to a type of small Chinese steamed bun (baozi) traditionally prepared in a xiaolong,a small bamboo steaming basket. Xiaolongbao are often referred to as a kind of "dumpling",but should not be confused with Chinese jiaozi or wonton.
Japanese Chinese cuisine,also known as Chūka,represents a unique fusion of Japanese and Chinese culinary traditions that have evolved over the late 19th century and more recent times. This style,served predominantly by Chinese restaurants in Japan,stands distinct from the "authentic Chinese food" found in areas such as Yokohama Chinatown. Despite this difference,the cuisine retains strong influences from various Chinese culinary styles,as seen in the Shippoku cooking style.
Huaiyang or Jianghuai cuisine is one of the Four Great Traditions in Chinese cuisine. It is derived from the native cooking styles of the region surrounding the lower reaches of the Huai and Yangtze rivers and centered on the cities of Huai'an,Yangzhou and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province. Although it is one of several sub-regional styles within Jiangsu cuisine,Huaiyang cuisine is widely seen in Chinese culinary circles as the most popular and prestigious style of Jiangsu cuisine –to a point where it is considered to be one of the Four Great Traditions that dominate the culinary heritage of China,along with Cantonese cuisine,Shandong cuisine and Sichuan cuisine.
Tocino is bacon in Spanish,typically made from the pork belly and often formed into cubes in Spain. In Caribbean countries,such as Puerto Rico and Cuba,tocino is made from pork fatback and is neither cured nor smoked but simply fried until very crunchy;it is then added to recipes,much like the way lardons are used in French cuisine. In the Philippines,tocino refers to sweetened and cured pork belly.
Black vinegar is dark-colored vinegar used in Chinese cuisine.
Vinaigrette is made by mixing an oil with a mild acid such as vinegar or lemon juice. The mixture can be enhanced with salt,herbs and/or spices. It is used most commonly as a salad dressing,but can also be used as a marinade. Traditionally,a vinaigrette consists of 3 parts oil and 1 part vinegar mixed into a stable emulsion,but the term is also applied to mixtures with different proportions and to unstable emulsions which last only a short time before separating into layered oil and vinegar phases.
Jurong is a county-level city under the administration of Zhenjiang,Jiangsu province,China.
Jiangsu University is a provincial public university in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu,China. It is affiliated with the Jiangsu Provincial Government,and co-sponsored by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
Century eggs,also known under a wide variety of names,are a Chinese egg-based culinary dish made by preserving duck,chicken,or quail eggs in a mixture of clay,ash,salt,quicklime,and rice hulls for several weeks to several months,depending on the processing method.
Huangjiu is a type of Chinese alcoholic beverage most popular in the Jiangnan area. Huangjiu is brewed by mixing boiled grains including rice,glutinous rice or millet with qū as starter culture,followed by saccharification and fermentation at around 13–18 °C (55–64 °F) for fortnights. Its alcohol content is typically 8% to 20%.
Rice vinegar is a vinegar made from fermented rice in East Asia,as well as in Vietnam in Southeast Asia. It is used as a seasoning,dressing,and dipping in many dishes,including sushi,jiaozi,and banchans. Some of its variants are also a drink by themselves.
Zhenjiang Vinegar Culture Museum is a museum dedicated to vinegar in Yicheng Subdistrict,Dantu District,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu,China. It is located in Zhenjiang,a city famous for its Zhenjiang vinegar. It is an AAAA Tourist attraction.