The Borneo elephant, also called the Bornean elephant or the Borneo pygmy elephant, is a subspecies of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) that inhabits northeastern Borneo, in Indonesia and Malaysia. Its origin remains the subject of debate. A definitive subspecific classification as Elephas maximus borneensis awaits a detailed range-wide morphometric and genetic study. In 2024, the Borneo elephant has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List as the population has declined by at least 50% over the last three generations, estimated to be 60–75 years. It is pre-eminently threatened by loss, degradation and fragmentation of habitat.
The Borneo shark is a species of requiem shark, and part of the family Carcharhinidae. Extremely rare, it is known only from inshore waters around Mukah in northwestern Borneo, though it may once have been more widely distributed. A small, gray shark reaching 65 cm (26 in) in length, this species is the only member of its genus with a row of enlarged pores above the corners of its mouth. It has a slender body with a long, pointed snout and a low second dorsal fin placed posterior to the anal fin origin.
The Sunda clouded leopard is a medium-sized wild cat native to Borneo and Sumatra. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2015, as the total effective population probably consists of fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, with a decreasing population trend. On both Sunda Islands, it is threatened by deforestation. It was classified as a separate species, distinct from its close relative, the clouded leopard in mainland Southeast Asia based on a study in 2006. Its fur is darker with a smaller cloud pattern.
Gastrophrynoides borneensis is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and is known from Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia, but it is likely to be also found in adjacent Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common name Borneo narrowmouth toad has been coined for it.
Hopea ovoidea is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. The specific epithet ovoidea means "egg-shaped" referring to the flower's ovary.
Horsfieldia borneensis is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo.
Maclurodendron pubescens is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sabah.
Pittosporum linearifolium is a species of plant in the family Pittosporaceae. It is a tree which grows up to 8 metres tall. It is endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sabah.
Shorea symingtonii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Sabah in Borneo.
Upuna is a monotypic genus of plants containing the single species Upuna borneensis. The genus name Upana is derived from its Iban name, upan. The species name borneensis refers to its distribution, being found only in Borneo. It is native to lowland mixed dipterocarp forests up to 400 meters elevation. It is a heavy hardwood similar to Vatica. While Upuna borneensis occurs in protected areas, it is threatened by logging, expansion of palm oil plantations and increasing frequency of fires.
Zollingeria dongnaiensis is a species of plant in the family Sapindaceae. It is considered medicinal, and is easy to germinate. It is used in soaps, shampoos, and cosmetics. It is found in Thailand and Vietnam.
Craspedocephalus borneensis, commonly known as the Bornean pit viper, is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the island of Borneo. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Agathis borneensis, also known as Borneo kauri, is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae.
Musa borneensis is a species of wild banana, native to the island of Borneo, in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. It is placed in section Callimusa, having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20.
Isonandra borneensis is a tree in the family Sapotaceae.
Madhuca borneensis is a plant in the family Sapotaceae.
Paraxenodermus borneensis is a species of snake in the family Xenodermatidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia), and West and Central Kalimantan (Indonesia). The holotype was collected from Mount Kinabalu by Richard Hanitsch.
Pseuduvaria borneensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is endemic to Borneo. Yvonne Chuan Fang Su and Richard M.K. Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after the regions of Borneo where it is distributed including East Kalimantan, Sabah and Sarawak.
Vatica borneensis is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo.
Shorea mecistopteryx is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. The specific epithet mecistopteryx means 'big wing', referring to the fruit's lobes.
