The Borneo elephant, also called the Bornean elephant or the Borneo pygmy elephant, is a subspecies of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) that inhabits northeastern Borneo, in Indonesia and Malaysia. Its origin remains the subject of debate. A definitive subspecific classification as Elephas maximus borneensis awaits a detailed range-wide morphometric and genetic study. Since 1986, the Asian elephant has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List as the population has declined by at least 50% over the last three generations, estimated to be 60–75 years. It is pre-eminently threatened by loss, degradation and fragmentation of habitat.
The Borneo shark is a species of requiem shark, and part of the family Carcharhinidae. Extremely rare, it is known only from inshore waters around Mukah in northwestern Borneo, though it may once have been more widely distributed. A small, gray shark reaching 65 cm (26 in) in length, this species is the only member of its genus with a row of enlarged pores above the corners of its mouth. It has a slender body with a long, pointed snout and a low second dorsal fin placed posterior to the anal fin origin.
The Sunda clouded leopard is a medium-sized wild cat native to Borneo and Sumatra. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2015, as the total effective population probably consists of fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, with a decreasing population trend. On both Sunda islands, it is threatened by deforestation. It was classified as a separate species, distinct from the clouded leopard in mainland Southeast Asia based on a study in 2006. Its fur is darker with a smaller cloud pattern.
Gastrophrynoides borneensis is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and is known from Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia, but it is likely to be also found in adjacent Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common name Borneo narrowmouth toad has been coined for it.
The Bornean horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, and Vietnam.
Hopea ovoidea is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo. The specific epithet ovoidea means "egg-shaped" referring to the flower's ovary.
Horsfieldia borneensis is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo.
Parashorea malaanonan is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. it is found in the Philippines and the northeast coast of Sabah in Borneo. The name malaanonan is derived from Tagalog and is a putative vernacular name for this species. It is a large emergent tree, up to 60 m, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on deep friable clay soils. It can still be found in forest reserves in the east coast of Sabah although elsewhere it is threatened by habitat loss. The timber is a light hardwood sold under the trade name of white lauan or white seraya.
Shorea symingtonii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Sabah in Borneo.
Upuna is a monotypic genus of plants containing the single species Upuna borneensis. The genus name Upana is derived from its Iban name, upan. The species name borneensis refers to its distribution, being found only in Borneo. It is native to lowland mixed dipterocarp forests up to 400 meters elevation. It is a heavy hardwood similar to Vatica. While Upuna borneensis occurs in protected areas, it is threatened by logging, expansion of palm oil plantations and increasing frequency of fires.
Zollingeria is a genus of plants in the family Sapindaceae.
Craspedocephalus borneensis, commonly known as the Bornean pit viper, is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the island of Borneo. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Agathis borneensis, also known as Borneo kauri, is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae.
Musa borneensis is a species of wild banana, native to the island of Borneo, in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. It is placed in section Callimusa, having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20.
Isonandra borneensis is a tree in the family Sapotaceae.
Madhuca borneensis is a plant in the family Sapotaceae.
Paraxenodermus borneensis is a species of snake in the family Xenodermatidae. It is endemic to Borneo and known from Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia), and West and Central Kalimantan (Indonesia). The holotype was collected from Mount Kinabalu by Richard Hanitsch.
Pseuduvaria borneensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is endemic to Borneo. Yvonne Chuan Fang Su and Richard M.K. Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after the regions of Borneo where it is distributed including East Kalimantan, Sabah and Sarawak.
Tenompok Forest Reserve is a protected forest reserve in Ranau District of West Coast Division, Sabah, Malaysia. It was designated as a Class 1 Forest Reserve by the Sabah Forestry Department in 1984. Its area is 1,984 hectares (19.84 km2). A former reserve, the Kampung Bundu Tuhan Native Residence Reserve, occupied what is now the eastern portion of Tenompok. The reserve is mountainous, reaching 1,660 metres (5,450 ft) above sea level. Vegetation consists of lower montane forest and montane kerangas forest. Both share a similar species composition, although trees in montane keranga forests are smaller. The reserve's Tomis River is a tributary of the Tuaran River. The area of the reserve has never received significant logging, aside from small amount near what are now its borders. This small logging is thought to be carried out by nearby villages for local use. There is also some agricultural encroachment. The reserve lies between Kinabalu Park and Crocker Range National Park. One farmer has a house within the reserve. There are several settlements around the reserve, along with agricultural land.
Vatica borneensis is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Borneo.
