Zuid-Kennemerland National Park

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Zuid-Kennemerland National Park
Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland
IUCN category II (national park)
Duinen in Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland.jpg
Dunes in Zuid-Kennemerland National Park
NP-Zuid-KennemerlandKaart.jpg
Map of the national park
Location North Holland, Netherlands
Nearest city Haarlem
Coordinates 52°25′N4°35′E / 52.417°N 4.583°E / 52.417; 4.583 Coordinates: 52°25′N4°35′E / 52.417°N 4.583°E / 52.417; 4.583
Area3,800  ha (9,400 acres) [1]
Established1995 [1]
Visitors1.8 million [2] (in 2008)
www.np-zuidkennemerland.nl

Zuid-Kennemerland National Park (Dutch: Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland) is a conservation area on the west coast of the province of North Holland. It was established in 1995.

Contents

History

Jac. P. Thijsse Jac. P. Thijsse.jpg
Jac. P. Thijsse

Dutch conservationist Jac. P. Thijsse first wrote about a possible national park between Bloemendaal and the North Sea Canal in 1944. As a result, the national park De Kennemerduinen was established in 1950. [3]

The Zuid-Kennemerland National Park was established in 1995. It comprised De Kennemerduinen, several nature reserves managed by Vereniging Natuurmonumenten and some other areas. [3]

Geography

The park is situated west of Haarlem in the province of North Holland in the west of the Netherlands. It is located within the municipalities of Bloemendaal, Velsen, and Zandvoort. It includes the southern portion of the region known as Kennemerland.

South Kennemerland is characterized by sand dunes. The park, about 38 square kilometres (15 sq mi) in size, also includes some estates, forests on the dune fringes, and coastal beaches. The dunes used to be a watershed for the city of Haarlem. Large amounts have been won for consumption. In 2003, these activities were ceased, allowing the groundwater-bubble to grow again. There is a small public swimming area open in the summer at a location called the Wed on the road between Bloemendaal and Zandvoort. The train from Zandvoort to Amsterdam travels through the park.

The park borders and is connected with the Amsterdam Water Supply Dunes (Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen) another big reserve owned by Amsterdam. This reserve is about the same size, with a similar ecosystem and wildlife; together they form one big dune ecosystem.

Management

The park is owned and managed collectively by Vereniging Natuurmonumenten (Natural Monuments Association), Staatsbosbeheer (State Forestry), PWN (Water Supply Company North Holland), Province of Noord-Holland, IVN, and the surrounding municipalities and private owners.

Visitors

In 2008, the park had 1.8 million visitors. [2]

The visitors centre is located in at Zeeweg 12 in Overveen, called De Kennemerduinen, next to parking Koevlak.

Biology

Flora

Sea buckthorn in the park Duindoorn-01.jpg
Sea buckthorn in the park
Highland cattle in the park Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland (08).jpg
Highland cattle in the park

The dunes are rich in lime, allowing the growth of several plant species which are rare in the Netherlands. The inland dunes are covered with bacciferous shrubs attracting a variety of songbirds.

About 800 different plant species that grow in the dune area of South Kennemerland are displayed in Thijsse's Hof (Garden of Thijsse), in Bloemendaal. This wildlife garden was founded in 1925, and is the oldest in the Netherlands.

Fauna

Over 100 bird species, as well as nearly 20 butterfly species, have been observed in the park.

The mammals fallow deer, roe deer, squirrel, West European hedgehog, European rabbit, red fox live in the park.

Besides Highland cattle, Shetland pony, and Koniks, an experiment was started in spring 2007 by releasing a small number of wisents. These European bison could be dangerous to people and therefore were released in an area not publicly accessible. The wisents may be observed from a purpose-built viewing platform, a walking path (closed between 1 March and 1 September and during excursions).

Together with Amsterdamse Waterleiding Duinen reserve, this park could potentially be a suitable habitat for wolves (who can help tackle deer populations on a natural way) say multiple wolf experts including those of ark nature development, who work closely with the park and with the biggest wolf organization in the Netherlands: “wolven in Nederland”.

The park also is interested in the possibility of a reintroduction of lynxes in the park to help the deer populations. The upcoming golden jackal also might find the park for the first time ever.

View of Vogelmeer (Bird Lake) and surroundings Vogelmeer.jpg
View of Vogelmeer (Bird Lake) and surroundings

Related Research Articles

North Holland Province of the Netherlands

North Holland is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. In November 2019, it had a population of 2,877,909 and a total area of 4,092 km2 (1,580 sq mi), of which 1,430 km2 (550 sq mi) is water.

Haarlem City and municipality in North Holland, Netherlands

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Aerdenhout Place in North Holland, Netherlands

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Buitenplaats

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Kennemerland

Kennemerland is a coastal region in the northwestern Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It includes the sand dunes north of the North Sea Canal, as well as the dunes of Zuid-Kennemerland National Park.

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NZH Public Transport Museum

The NZH Public Transport Museum is a museum in Haarlem, Netherlands, dedicated to promoting interest and conserving the bus and tram cultural heritage of Kennemerland. It is located behind the former bus depot of the "Noord-Zuid-Hollandsche Stoomtramweg-Maatschappij" (NZH), a bus and tram company.

Erebegraafplaats Bloemendaal

The "honorary cemetery" Erebegraafplaats Bloemendaal is a World War II final resting place in Zuid-Kennemerland National Park in Bloemendaal, Netherlands. Located on the top of a dune, it can be reached by a small path from a parking lot located near the provincial route between Overveen center and Zandvoort.

Thijsses Hof

Thijsse's Hof is a wildlife garden in Bloemendaal, the Netherlands. It was created in 1925 on the occasion of the 60th birthday of Jac. P. Thijsse, naturalist and nature conservationist. It is the oldest wildlife garden in the Netherlands, and one of the oldest of Europe, and in the world.

References

  1. 1 2 National Park Zuid-Kennemerland [ permanent dead link ], National Park Zuid-Kennemerland. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  2. 1 2 Recreatieonderzoek Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland [ permanent dead link ] (in Dutch), National Park Zuid-Kennemerland. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  3. 1 2 Hans Schmit, "Duingebied bij IJmuiden nu zevende nationale park" (in Dutch), Trouw , 1995. Retrieved 29 November 2016.