Apollo 11 goodwill messages

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The silicon disc with goodwill messages left on the Moon by Apollo 11 astronauts Apollo11Disck.png
The silicon disc with goodwill messages left on the Moon by Apollo 11 astronauts

The Apollo 11 goodwill messages are statements from leaders of 73 countries around the world on a disc about the size of a 50-cent piece made of silicon that was left on the Moon in 1969 by the Apollo 11 astronauts.

Contents

The disc also carried names of the leadership of the Congress, the four committees of the House and Senate responsible for legislation related to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and NASA's top management, including past administrators and deputy administrators.

At the top of the disc is the inscription: "Goodwill messages from around the world brought to the Moon by the astronauts of Apollo 11." Around the rim is the statement: "From Planet Earth July 1969". The collected letters were given to the GCA Corp in Burlington MA which used a reduction camera to make a negative photomask containing all the letters plus an inscription around its edge at its final size. This mask was given to Sprague Electric Company of North Adams, Massachusetts which imaged it onto a silicon wafer and etched the pattern into the wafer. NASA head Thomas O. Paine proposed the idea to the U.S. State Department, and corresponded with world leaders to solicit their messages. These were enshrined by being photographed and reduced to 1/200 scale ultra microfiche silicon etching. The disc rests in an aluminum case on the Moon's Sea of Tranquility. [1]

The disc was in a package in Buzz Aldrin's suit shoulder pocket along with some other memorial items. He was reminded about the package by Neil Armstrong while ascending the ladder of the Lunar Module Eagle to finish their EVA. He then dropped it to the surface. [2] Later Houston requested and received confirmation they had placed it. [3]

Countries represented in the messages

StateSigned by
Flag of Afghanistan (1931-1973).svg  Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir Shah
King of Afghanistan
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Juan Carlos Onganía
President of Argentina
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia John Gorton
Prime Minister of Australia
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Baudouin I
King of the Belgians
Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg  Brazil Artur da Costa e Silva
President of Brazil
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Pierre Trudeau
Prime Minister of Canada
Flag of Chad.svg Chad François Tombalbaye
President of Chad
Flag of Chile.svg Chile Eduardo Frei Montalva
President of Chile
Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China [a] Chiang Kai-shek
President of the Republic of China
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Carlos Lleras Restrepo
President of Colombia
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1966-1971).svg Congo-Kinshasa Joseph-Desiré Mobutu
President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica José Joaquín Trejos Fernández
President of Costa Rica
Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Makarios III
President of Cyprus
Flag of Benin.svg Dahomey Émile Derlin Zinsou
President of Dahomey
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Frederik IX
King of Denmark
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Joaquin Balaguer
President of the Dominican Republic
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador José María Velasco Ibarra
President of Ecuador
Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia [b] Ernst Jaakson
Consul General of Estonia to the United States
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg  Ethiopia Haile Selassie I
Emperor of Ethiopia
Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Akwasi Afrifa
Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Greece Georgios Zoitakis
Regent of Greece [c]
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Forbes Burnham
Prime Minister of Guyana
Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Kristjan Eldjarn
Flag of India.svg India Indira Gandhi
Prime Minister of India
State flag of Iran (1964-1980).svg  Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Shah of Iran [4]
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland Éamon de Valera
Flag of Israel.svg Israel Zalman Shazar
Flag of Italy.svg Italy Giuseppe Saragat
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Hugh Shearer
Prime Minister of Jamaica
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Eisaku Satō
Prime Minister of Japan
Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Jomo Kenyatta
Flag of Laos (1952-1975).svg  Laos Sisavang Vatthana
Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia [b] Anatols Dinbergs
Ambassador of Latvia to the United States
Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Charles Helou
Flag of Lesotho (1966-1987).svg Lesotho Leabua Jonathan
Prime Minister of Lesotho
Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia William Tubman
Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Philibert Tsiranana
Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Unknown; the message is not signed. [d]
Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Unknown; the message is not signed. [e]
Flag of Mali.svg Mali Moussa Traoré
Flag of Malta.svg Malta Giorgio Borg Olivier
Prime Minister of Malta
Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
Prime Minister of Mauritius
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Hassan II
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Juliana
Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Keith Holyoake
Prime Minister of New Zealand
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Debayle
Flag of Norway.svg Norway Olav V
King of Norway
Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Yahya Khan
Flag of Panama.svg Panama Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla
Flag of Peru.svg Peru Juan Velasco Alvarado
Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Ferdinand Marcos
Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg  Poland Jerzy Michałowski  [ pl ]
Flag of Portugal (official).svg  Portugal Américo Tomás
Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg  Romania Nicolae Ceaușescu
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Siaka Stevens
Prime Minister of Sierra Leone
Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg South Africa Jacobus Johannes Fouché
Flag of South Korea (1949-1984).svg  South Korea Park Chung Hee
Flag of South Vietnam.svg South Vietnam Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
Flag of Eswatini.svg Swaziland Sobhuza II
Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Unknown; the message is not signed. [f]
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Gnassingbé Eyadéma
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Eric Williams
Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Habib Bourguiba
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Cevdet Sunay
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Elizabeth II
Queen of the United Kingdom [g]
Flag of Upper Volta.svg Upper Volta Sangoulé Lamizana
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Jorge Pacheco Areco
Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City Pope Paul VI
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito
Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Kenneth Kaunda
  1. The U.S. maintained relations with the Republic of China as "China" instead of the People's Republic of China.
  2. 1 2 The US government did not recognize the Soviet annexation of the Baltic states.
  3. Regent for King Constantine II
  4. Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah was Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Tunku Abdul Rahman was Prime Minister of Malaysia at the time.
  5. Ibrahim Nasir was President of the Maldives at the time.
  6. Bhumibol Adulyadej was King of Thailand and Thanom Kittikachorn was Prime Minister of Thailand at the time.
  7. Also as Queen of Australia, Barbados, Canada, Ceylon, Fiji, the Gambia, Guyana, Jamaica, Malta, Mauritius, New Zealand, Sierra Leone and Trinidad and Tobago. Rhodesia, which unilaterally declared independence in 1965, also considered Elizabeth II as its queen, though it did not enjoy diplomatic recognition as an independent state by the United States.

See also

References

  1. "Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages" (PDF). NASA. July 13, 1969. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
  2. Jones, Eric M. (November 12, 2017). "Apollo 11 Surface Journal:EASEP Deployment and Closeout". NASA. Event occurs at 111:36:38. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  3. Jones, Eric M. (October 28, 2017). "Apollo 11 Surface Journal:Trying to Rest". NASA. Event occurs at 114:52:28. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  4. Rahman, Tahir (2008). We came in peace for all mankind : the untold story of the Apollo 11 silicon disk (1st ed.). Overland Park, Kan.: Leathers Pub. ISBN   9781585974412.