Messier 84

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Messier 84
A fascinating core.jpg
Galaxy Messier 84 in Virgo, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 12h 25m 03.74333s [1]
Declination +12° 53′ 13.1393″ [1]
Redshift 1,060±6 km/s [2]
Helio radial velocity 999 [3]  km/s
Distance 54.9  Mly (16.83  Mpc) [3]
Apparent magnitude  (V)9.1 [4]
Absolute magnitude  (V)−22.41±0.10 [5]
Characteristics
Type E1 [5]
Apparent size  (V)6.5′ × 5.6′ [2]
Half-light radius  (apparent)72.5″ ±6″ [5]
Other designations
M84, NGC  4374, PGC  40455, UGC  7494, VCC 763 [6]

Messier 84 or M84, also known as NGC 4374, is a giant elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo. Charles Messier discovered the object in 1781 [lower-alpha 1] in a systematic search for "nebulous objects" in the night sky. [7] It is the 84th object in the Messier Catalogue and in the heavily populated core of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, part of the local supercluster. [8]

Contents

This galaxy has morphological classification E1, denoting it has flattening of about 10%. The extinction-corrected total luminosity in the visual band is about 7.64×1010  L☉ . The central mass-to-light ratio is 6.5, which, to a limit, steadily increases away from the core. The visible galaxy is surrounded by a massive dark matter halo. [5]

Radio observations and Hubble Space Telescope images of M84 have revealed two jets of matter shooting out from its center as well as a disk of rapidly rotating gas and stars indicating the presence of a 1.5 ×109  M☉ [9] supermassive black hole. It also has a few young stars and star clusters, indicating star formation at a very low rate. [10] The number of globular clusters is 1,775±150, which is much lower than expected for an elliptical galaxy. [11]

Viewed from Earth its half-light radius, relative angular size of its 50% peak of lit zone of the sky, is 72.5″, thus just over an arcminute.

Two supernovae have been observed in M84: SN 1957B [12] and SN 1991bg. [13] Seen between these dates, it may have bore a third, SN 1980I – which may have been in either neighboring galaxy NGC 4387 or M86. [14] This high rate of supernovae is rare for elliptical galaxies, which may indicate there is a population of stars of intermediate age in M84. [11]

Location of M84 M84map.png
Location of M84

See also

References and footnotes

  1. 1 2 Lambert, S. B.; Gontier, A.-M. (January 2009). "On radio source selection to define a stable celestial frame". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 493 (1): 317–323. Bibcode:2009A&A...493..317L. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:200810582 .
  2. 1 2 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4374. Retrieved 2006-11-14.
  3. 1 2 Tully, R. Brent; et al. (August 2016). "Cosmicflows-3". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 21. arXiv: 1605.01765 . Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50. S2CID   250737862. 50.
  4. ↑ "Messier 84". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Napolitano, N. R.; et al. (March 2011). "The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: a standard ΛCDM halo around NGC 4374?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 411 (3): 2035–2053. arXiv: 1010.1533 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.411.2035N. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17833.x. S2CID   52221902.
  6. ↑ "M 84". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  7. ↑ Jones, K. G. (1991). Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-37079-0.
  8. ↑ Finoguenov, A.; Jones, C. (2002). "Chandra Observation of Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Elliptical Galaxy M84". Astrophysical Journal . 574 (2): 754–761. arXiv: astro-ph/0204046 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...574..754F. doi:10.1086/340997. S2CID   17551432.
  9. ↑ Bower, G.A.; et al. (1998). "Kinematics of the Nuclear Ionized Gas in the Radio Galaxy M84 (NGC 4374)". Astrophysical Journal . 492 (1): 111–114. arXiv: astro-ph/9710264 . Bibcode:1998ApJ...492L.111B. doi:10.1086/311109. S2CID   119456112.
  10. ↑ Ford, Alyson; Bregman, J. N. (2012). "Detection of Ongoing, Low-Level Star Formation in Nearby Ellipticals". American Astronomical Society. 219: 102.03. Bibcode:2012AAS...21910203F.
  11. 1 2 Gómez, M.; Richtler, T. (February 2004). "The globular cluster system of NGC 4374". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 415 (2): 499–508. arXiv: 1703.00313 . Bibcode:2004A&A...415..499G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034610.
  12. ↑ Götz, W. (1958). "Supernova in NGC 4374 (= M 84)". Astronomische Nachrichten . 284 (3): 141–142. Bibcode:1958AN....284..141G. doi: 10.1002/asna.19572840308 .
  13. ↑ Kosai, H.; et al. (1958). "Supernova 1991bg in NGC 4374". IAU Circular. 5400: 1. Bibcode:1991IAUC.5400....1K.
  14. ↑ Smith, H. A. (1981). "The spectrum of the intergalactic supernova 1980I". Astronomical Journal . 86: 998–1002. Bibcode:1981AJ.....86..998S. doi: 10.1086/112975 .
  1. ↑ on 18 March

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