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Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It was first issued in 1951, and is now published annually by SIL International, a U.S.-based, worldwide, Christian non-profit organization. SIL's main purpose is to study, develop and document languages for religious purposes and to promote literacy.
The Sansi language, Sansiboli, or Bhilki, is a highly endangered Indo-Aryan language of the Central group. The language is spoken by the nomadic Sansi people.
The Nara (Nera) or Barea (Barya) language is spoken by the Nara people in an area just to the north of Barentu in the Gash-Barka Region of western Eritrea. The language is often confused with Kunama, which is at best only distantly related.
Boon or Af-Boon is a nearly extinct Cushitic language spoken by 59 people in Jilib District, Middle Jubba Region, Somalia. In recent decades they have shifted to the Maay dialect of Jilib. All speakers are older than 60.
The Agariya language is a spurious language said to be spoken by the Agariya people, a community found in northern Chhattisgarh and eastern Madhya Pradesh. It is a Munda language. Although recorded in Ethnologue with an ISO code, the language is declared as 'spurious' by Glottolog and its existence was explicitly denied by noted scholar of tribal traditions Verrier Elwin, and more recently by linguist Felix Rau and Paul Sidwell. This was primarily due to suspicions of the conflating of various different 'Agariya' tribes with different dialects. Moreover, no Munda languages are attested in the upper Gangetic Plain in recent history.
The Kenyah languages are a group of half a dozen or so closely related languages spoken by the Kenyah peoples of Borneo. They are:
Central Tibetan, also known as Dbus, Ü or Ü-Tsang, is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan.
The Hill Nubian languages, also called Kordofan Nubian, are a dialect continuum of Nubian languages spoken by the Hill Nubians in the northern Nuba Mountains of Sudan.
Wipi, also known as Gidra, Jibu or Oriomo, is a Papuan language of New Guinea. It is a member of the Eastern Trans-Fly family, the other languages of this family being Gizrra, Meriam Mir and Bine. The family has influenced the neighbouring Kiwai language as well as Kalau Lagau Ya.
Maring, also known as Mareng or Yoadabe-Watoare, is a Trans–New Guinea language of the Chimbu–Wahgi branch. Speakers of the language can be found in the Bismarck range of the Madang province or in the Hagen district of the Western Highlands province. Dialects of the Maring language are Central Maring, Eastern Maring, Timbunki, Tsuwenki, Karamba, and Kambegl. All Maring speakers can understand the Central Maring dialect.
Keiga Jirru is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken in the Nuba Hills of Sudan.
Agöb languages are a group of Pahoturi languages spoken in eastern Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The language varieties include Agöb, Ende, and Kawam. Languages in this group, along with the Idi language, form a dialect chain with the Idi and Agob dialects proper at the ends of the chain.
The Kulu language, Ikulu, also known as Ankulu or Ikolu, is a Plateau language of Nigeria. It is spoken by the Bakulu, found in the Zangon Kataf, Kachia and Kauru Local Government Areas of Kaduna State.
Dek is a purported but unattested alleged language of northern Cameroon. There is no data on whether it exists. Both Glottolog and Ethnologue list it as a Niger-Congo language.
Spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting their existence, and have been dismissed in later scholarship. Others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research.
Keninjal is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo. Glottolog classifies Keninjal as a Western Malayic Dayak language alongside Kendayan, but Smith (2017) includes it in the Ibanic branch of Malayic based on phonological evidence.
Kodi is a Sumba language of Indonesia. The population figure may include Gaura, which Ethnologue counts as a dialect of both the Lamboya and Kodi languages. Kodi is an Austronesian language that is mainly spoken in Nusa Tenggara Timur province, the western part of the island of Sumba in eastern Indonesia. An alternate name for Kodi is Kudi and dialects of the language include Kodi Bokol, Kodi Bangedo, Nggaro (Nggaura) and is most alike to Wejewa. With only approximately 20,000 speakers, the Kodi language is an endangered language.
Hovongan (Hobongan), or Punan Bungan, is a Kayan language of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of several spoken by the Penan people.
Aoheng, or Penihing, is a Kayan language of East Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of several spoken by the Penan people.
Bukat is a language of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of several spoken by the Penan people.
References
- ↑ Eastern Penan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Western Penan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Western Penan". Glottolog 4.3.
