Lun Bawang | |
---|---|
Lundayeh, Southern Murut | |
Native to | Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia |
Region | Sarawak, Sabah, Temburong, North Kalimantan |
Native speakers | (48,000 (2007 in Indonesia; no date Malaysia) plus 6,000 Putoh cited 1981) [1] |
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | lnd – inclusive codeIndividual code: put – Putoh |
Glottolog | lund1271 |
Geographical distribution of Lun Bawang/Lundayeh speakers | |
Lun Bawang or Lundayeh is the language spoken by the Lun Bawangs. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian family.
Putoh is an alternate name in East Kalimantan. [2]
Lun Bawang is mainly an oral language. There is very little printed written material in this language that was not written by missionaries or linguists. The first published material written fully in Lun Bawang is a translation of the Bible from 1982, which is called Bala Luk Do. [3] A Lun Bawang–English dictionary was constructed in 1969 by the University of Washington. [4] A dialect of the Lun Bawang language, Kemaloh Lundayeh, was compiled in 2006 into a bilingual dictionary of Lundayeh and English. [5]
There are 6 vowels, 19 consonants and 5 diphthongs in the Lun Bawang language. [6]
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m/m/ | n/n/ | ng/ŋ/ | |||||||||||||||
Plosive | p/p/ | b/b/ | bp/b͡p/ | t/t̪/ | d/d/ | k/k/ | g/ɡ/ | gk/ɡ͡k/ | /ʔ/ | |||||||||
Affricate | c/d͡tʃ/ [7] | |||||||||||||||||
Fricative | s/s/ | h/h/ | ||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l/l/ | r/r/ | y/j/ | w/w/ |
According to Blust (2006), Lun Dayeh has a series of mixed-voiced stops, [b͡p,d͡tʃ,ɡ͡k], similar to those of Kelabit, but does not have a simple [tʃ].
Height | Front | Central | Back |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i/i/ | u/u/ | |
Mid | e/e, ɛ/ | e/ə/ | o/o, ɔ/ |
Open | a/a/ |
Orthography | IPA |
---|---|
ai | /ai̯/ |
au | /au̯/ |
ia | /i̯a/ |
ou | /ou̯/ |
ui, oi | /ɔʏ̯/ |
O Taman kai luk bang surga, dó ngadan-Mu uen ngerayeh. Idi imet-Mu uen ngaching, idi luk pian-Mu mangun bang taná kudeng bang surga. Maré nekai acho sini akan luk petap. Idi maré dó ratnan amung-amung baleh kai mepad kudeng kai pangeh nemaré ddó ratnan amung-amung baleh dulun. Idi aleg nguit nekai amé bang luk nutun, iamdó muit nekai ratnan luk dat. Amen. Ngacheku Iko luk kuan imet idi lalud idi rayeh maching ruked-ruked peh. Amen. [8]
Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us. Do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen. For the kingdom, the power, and the glory, are Yours now and forever. Amen. (Matthew 6:9–13)
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia in the areas near the Malay Peninsula, with Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese island Hainan as the northwest geographic outlier. Malagasy, spoken in the island of Madagascar off the eastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the furthest western outlier.
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