Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Dovida, Pressamina, Superten |
Other names | Dimethophrine; Dimetrophine; Dimethofrine; DMP; SM-14; 3,5-Dimethoxy-4,β-dihydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine; 3,5-Dimethoxy-4,β-dihydroxy-N-methyl-β-phenylethylamine |
Routes of administration | Oral [1] |
Drug class | α1-Adrenergic receptor agonist; Antihypotensive agent; Vasopressor |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.041.210 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C11H17NO4 |
Molar mass | 227.260 g·mol−1 |
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Dimetofrine (INN ), also known as dimethophrine or dimetophrine and sold under the brand names Dovida, Pressamina, and Superten, is a medication described as a sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor, and cardiac stimulant. [2] [3] [4] It is said to be similarly or less effective than midodrine in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension and shows substantially lower potency. [5] [1]
The drug is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist [6] but is also said to have β-adrenergic receptor agonist activity. [1] It is a substituted phenethylamine and is also known as 3,5-dimethoxy-4,β-dihydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine. [2] Its chemical structure is similar to that of desglymidodrine (3,6-dimethoxy-β-hydroxyphenethylamine), the active metabolite of midodrine. [5]
Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition. Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats. It is taken orally or by intravenous injection. It can also be used with other blood pressure medications.
Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among numerous others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion, used to dilate the pupil, used to increase blood pressure, and used to relieve hemorrhoids. It can be taken by mouth, as a nasal spray, given by injection into a vein or muscle, applied to the skin, or as a rectal suppository.
Midodrine, sold under the brand names ProAmatine and Orvaten among others, is a vasopressor or antihypotensive medication used to treat orthostatic hypotension and urinary incontinence. It is taken by mouth.
Isoprenaline, also known as isoproterenol and sold under the brand name Isuprel among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of acute bradycardia, heart block, and rarely for asthma, among other indications. It is used by injection into a vein, muscle, fat, or the heart, by inhalation, and in the past under the tongue or into the rectum.
Alpha-1 blockers constitute a variety of drugs that block the effect of catecholamines on alpha-1-adrenergic receptors. They are mainly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypertension and post-traumatic stress disorder. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are present in vascular smooth muscle, the central nervous system, and other tissues. When alpha blockers bind to these receptors in vascular smooth muscle, they cause vasodilation.
Phentolamine, sold under the brand name Regitine among others, is a reversible nonselective α-adrenergic antagonist.
Labetalol is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and in long term management of angina. This includes essential hypertension, hypertensive emergencies, and hypertension of pregnancy. In essential hypertension it is generally less preferred than a number of other blood pressure medications. It can be given by mouth or by injection into a vein.
Propiomazine, sold under the brand name Propavan among others, is an antihistamine which is used to treat insomnia and to produce sedation and relieve anxiety before or during surgery or other procedures and in combination with analgesics as well as during labor. Propiomazine is a phenothiazine, but is not used therapeutically as a neuroleptic because it does not block dopamine receptors well.
Metaraminol, also known as metaradrine and sold under the brand names Aramine and Pressonex among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the prevention and treatment of hypotension, particularly as a complication of anesthesia. It is given by intramuscular or intravenous administration.
Tandospirone, sold under the brand name Sediel, is an anxiolytic and antidepressant medication used in Japan and China, where it is marketed by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. It is a member of the azapirone class of drugs and is closely related to other azapirones like buspirone and gepirone.
Xamoterol, sold under the brand names Corwin, Carwin, Corwil, and Xamtol among others, is a cardiac stimulant which is used in the treatment of heart failure. It acts as a selective partial agonist of the β1-adrenergic receptor with around 50% intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). The drug has no significant β2-adrenergic receptor agonistic activity. Xamoterol provides cardiac stimulation at rest but acts as a blocker during exercise. It is taken by mouth.
Methoxamine, sold under the brand names Vasoxine, Vasoxyl, and Vasylox among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent. It has mostly or entirely been discontinued.
Norfenefrine, also known as meta-octopamine or norphenylephrine and sold under the brand name Novadral among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of hypotension. Along with its structural isomer p-octopamine and the tyramines, norfenefrine is a naturally occurring endogenous trace amine and plays a role as a minor neurotransmitter in the brain.
Etilefrine, sold under the brand name Effortil among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent to treat orthostatic hypotension. It is usually used by mouth, but is also available as an injectable.
Oxyfedrine, sold under the brand names Ildamen and Myofedrin among others, is a sympathomimetic agent and coronary vasodilator which is used in the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and acute myocardial infarction. It is taken by mouth or intravenously.
Droxidopa, also known as L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS) and sold under the brand names Northera and Dops among others, is sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of hypotension and for other indications. It is taken by mouth.
Alpha-blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors).
An orexigenic, or appetite stimulant, is a drug, hormone, or compound that increases appetite and may induce hyperphagia. This can be a medication or a naturally occurring neuropeptide hormone, such as ghrelin, orexin or neuropeptide Y, which increases hunger and therefore enhances food consumption. Usually appetite enhancement is considered an undesirable side effect of certain drugs as it leads to unwanted weight gain, but sometimes it can be beneficial and a drug may be prescribed solely for this purpose, especially when the patient is suffering from severe appetite loss or muscle wasting due to cystic fibrosis, anorexia, old age, cancer or AIDS. There are several widely used drugs which can cause a boost in appetite, including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants, natural or synthetic cannabinoids, first-generation antihistamines, most antipsychotics and many steroid hormones. In the United States, no hormone or drug has currently been approved by the FDA specifically as an orexigenic, with the exception of Dronabinol, which received approval for HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia only.
Peripherally selective drugs have their primary mechanism of action outside of the central nervous system (CNS), usually because they are excluded from the CNS by the blood–brain barrier. By being excluded from the CNS, drugs may act on the rest of the body without producing side-effects related to their effects on the brain or spinal cord. For example, most opioids cause sedation when given at a sufficiently high dose, but peripherally selective opioids can act on the rest of the body without entering the brain and are less likely to cause sedation. These peripherally selective opioids can be used as antidiarrheals, for instance loperamide (Imodium).
Desglymidodrine is the active metabolite of the prodrug antihypotensive agent midodrine. It acts as a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist. Desglymidodrine is formed from midodrine via deglycination.