147th Regiment (United States)

147th Regiment
147th Regiment
	147th Regiment Coat of Arms
Active	1862–1865; 1898–1919; 1921–present
Country	United States
Allegiance	Ohio
Branch	Army
Role	Training
Size	Regiment
Part of	Army National Guard
Regimental Headquarters	Columbus, Ohio
Nickname(s)	"First Ohio"
Motto(s)	Cargoneek Guyoxim
Engagements	Civil War Virginia 1861 ; Shiloh ; Mississippi 1862 ; Kentucky 1862 ; Murfreesboro ; Chancellorsville ; Gettysburg ; Chickamauga ; Chattanooga ; Atlanta ; World War I Ypres-Lys ; Meuse-Argonne ; Lorraine 1918 ; World War II Air Offensive, Japan ; Guadalcanal ; Iwo Jima ; Northern Solomons ;
Commanders
Notable; commanders	Colonel F. W. Galbraith
Insignia
Regimental Insignia

Last updated August 03, 2024

The 147th Regiment (Regional Training Institute) is a training regiment of the Ohio Army National Guard. Previously known as the 147th Infantry Regiment and the 6th Ohio Infantry, it has served in several American wars as a combat infantry unit, but now maintains the Ohio Regional Training Institute (RTI) in Columbus, Ohio. Its regimental motto is Cargoneek Guyoxim, which is a Chippewa language phrase meaning "Always Ready." The lineage of the regiment is carried by the 174th Air Defense Artillery Regiment.

History

The 147th Regiment (Regional Training Institute), previously known as the 6th Ohio Infantry, served in the Civil War, Pancho Villa Expedition, World War I, and World War II.

Civil War

The 6th Ohio was organized in southwestern Ohio in the spring of 1861 and was mustered into Federal service on 12 May. Most of its recruits were from Hamilton County and surrounding areas. The Colonel and first commander was William K. Bosley, and Nicholas Longworth Anderson of Cincinnati was its first Lieutenant Colonel. Anderson did serve as the COL of the regiment during its last two years of service. The 6th was first sent to western Virginia before mustering out when its initial three-months term of enlistment expired. Reorganized as a three-years regiment, the 6th Ohio Infantry spent the next three years in the Western Theater before being mustered out on 23 June 1864. While serving, the regiment engaged in several skirmishes and two major campaigns; Murfreesboro, and Chickamauga. Towards the end of their service, they fought in Major General William Tecumseh Sherman's Atlanta Campaign.

Cuba, Mexico, and World War I

The 6th Ohio Infantry was mustered into federal service on 7 May 1898 to fight in the Spanish–American War. The Ohioans never engaged in combat with the enemy, but served in the occupation force of Cuba from 3 January – 21 April 1899. They returned to the United States and were mustered out in Cincinnati on 25 October 1899.^[1] On 19 June 1916, the Ohioans were mobilized to defend the Mexico–United States border near El Paso, Texas, where they patrolled for 9 months.^[1] They were released from federal service on 17 March 1917. This demobilization wouldn't last however, and the regiment, commanded by William Vance McMaken, was called up again 10 days later for service in World War I on 27 March 1917. The 147th Infantry Regiment was born on 25 October 1917, when the 6th Ohio absorbed elements of the 1st and 5th Ohio Regiments. It was assigned to the 37th Infantry Division, the "Buckeye" Division, and began its training at Camp Sheridan, just outside of Montgomery, Alabama. On 22 June 1918, the 74th Brigade (includes the 147th and 148th Infantry Regiments), departed from Newport News, Virginia, and arrived in France on 5 July.^[2]

After training in the Bourmont sector behind the frontline, the 147th relieved elements of the 77th Infantry Division in the Baccarat sector on 2 August 1918. This was a quiet sector, and the regiment continued to train under the tutelage of the French VI Corps.^[1] The 147th Infantry remained in the frontlines until 14 September 1918, when the 14th French Division relieved them. In the Meuse-Argonne, the 147th acted as a reserve for the 79th Infantry Division in the Avocourt sector, as a part of the US V Corps. The 37th and adjacent 79th Infantry Divisions advanced on heavy German positions and continued to push the enemy back.^[1] On 1 October, the units of the 37th Division were relieved by the 32d Infantry Division, and the 147th Infantry was relieved by elements of the 2d Infantry Division. The 147th was soon transferred to IV Corps control, where they relieved a regiment of the 89th Infantry Division on the frontline on 3 October, and remained until 11 October.^[1]

Following this assignment, the 147th traveled with the 37th Division to Hooglede, near Ypres, and took part in the Ypres-Lys starting on 31 October.^[1] Continuous advance against heavy enemy fire characterized this assault. The men of the regiment swam across the Boche River on 2 November in the face of enemy fire, and prepared to cross the Scheldt. After fighting day and night, they crossed the Scheldt, and consolidated positions on the far bank. They were relieved on the night of 4–5 November and enjoyed some rest in the town of Thielt. On 8 November they were back in the fighting, and continued to advance until the last minute. The Armistice of 11 November 1918 brought the fighting to an end, and the 147th camped at Le Mans, France until they returned home to Ohio on 19 April 1919. They were demobilized from federal service that same day.^[1]

Interwar period

The 147th Infantry arrived at the port of New York on 25 March 1919 on the troopship USS Von Steuben and was demobilized on 19 April 1919 at Camp Sherman, Ohio. Per the National Defense Act of 1920, the 147th Infantry was reconstituted in the National Guard in 1921, assigned to the 37th Division, and allotted to the state of Ohio. It was reorganized 1 July 1921 by redesignation of the 1st Infantry, Ohio National Guard (organized 1919–20; headquarters organized 11 March 1920 and federally recognized at Cincinnati, Ohio) as the 147th Infantry. The regiment, or elements thereof, called up to perform the following state duties: riot control during a coal miners’ strike at St. Clairsville, Ohio, 26 July–16 August 1922; riot control during a coal miners’ strike at Cadiz, Ohio, 16 April–17 August 1932; flood relief along the Ohio River, January–March 1937; riot control during a workers’ strike at the Mahoning Valley steel plants, 22 June–15 July 1937. Conducted annual summer training most years at Camp Perry, OH, 1921–39. Inducted into active federal service at Cincinnati on 15 October 1940 and moved to Camp Shelby, Mississippi, where it arrived on 24 October 1940.^[3]

World War II

At the beginning of US involvement in World War II, the 147th became a "lost regiment" when it was pulled out of the 37th Infantry Division to triangularize that division in 1942. The regiment went to war in the South Pacific as an independent regiment, and fought in several battles alongside a greater number of United States Marine Corps troops. The 147th first engaged in combat at Guadalcanal, where it took part in the assault on Mt. Austen.^[4] During this battle, General Alexander Patch was forced to reorganize his forces due to combat losses, and created the CAM (Composite Army-Marine) Division, which consisted of the 147th Infantry Regiment, the 182nd Infantry Regiment, and the 6th Marine Regiment, along with artillery elements from the Americal Division and the 2nd Marine Division.^[4] In early January 1943, I Company and a platoon of M Company cut off the Japanese escape routes along a 20-mile front while the CAM pushed the defenders back towards the western beach of Guadalcanal. Along the coast, the CAM Division began its attack at the same time with a three-regiment front: the 6th Marines on the beach, the 147th Infantry in the center, and the 182nd Infantry abreast of 25th Infantry Division on the left. Alternating the lead attack position, the 147th Infantry, the 182nd Infantry, and the 6th Marines progressed from one to three miles a day through weak resistance. By 8 February these units had reached Doma Cove, nine miles beyond the Poha River and the same distance short of Cape Esperance.^[4] By 9 February 1943, the Americans had cleared the island, and the 147th moved on to its next assignment.

The regiment relieved the 4th Marines on Emirau Island ^[5] on 11 April 1944 and performed garrison duties until they were relieved by the 369th Infantry Regiment in June. While on Emirau, they assisted the US Navy Seabees in constructing an airfield, because the 147th was the only infantry regiment that had constructed an airfield before (at Tonga in 1942). The regiment then moved to the island of Saipan in the wake of the first landings to conduct mopping up operations behind the 2nd Marine Division, the 4th Marine Division, and the 27th Infantry Division. The island was declared secure on 9 July 1944, but Japanese resistance continued for months afterward. The 147th next moved to the island of Tinian to follow elements of the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions as they assaulted through the island. The 147th rooted out stubborn Japanese defenders and continued fighting after the island was officially declared secure on 1 August 1944.

The regiment's next assignment proved to be their most difficult; in the spring of 1945, the Ohioans fought in the Battle of Iwo Jima.^[6] In the early days of the Marine landings, the 147th was ordered to climb from landing craft with grappling hooks to scale a high ridge about 3/4 mile from Mount Suribachi. The mission was to fire on the enemy opposing the Marine landings on the beaches below.^[7] They were soon pinned down by heavy Japanese fire, and engaged in non-stop fighting for 3 months. Once the island was declared secure, the regiment was supposed to act as a garrison force, but they soon found themselves locked in a bitter struggle against thousands of stalwart defenders engaging in a last-ditch guerilla campaign to harass the Americans.^[8] Using well-supplied caves and tunnel systems, the Japanese resisted American advances. For three months, the 147th methodically scoured the island, using flamethrowers, grenades, and satchel charges to ferret out the enemy. 1,602 Japanese were officially credited as killed, and 867 captured, with potentially thousands more sealed up in caves using explosives. Some sources credit the regiment with killing at least 6,000 Japanese soldiers in those anonymous and merciless small unit actions.^[8] In return, the 147th suffered fifteen men killed in action and 144 wounded.^[9] On 30 June 1945, the 1st Battalion boarded the USS Rockwall and was transported to the island of Tinian, where it earned the distinction of providing security for the Fat Man and Little Boy atomic bombs. The 147th went on to fight in the bloody Battle of Okinawa, once again in charge of rooting out stubborn Japanese defenders who remained even after the island was declared secure. When the war ended on 2 September 1945, the 147th Infantry was sent home piecemeal, and the last men to return home arrived in March 1946.^[7]

During World War II, the 147th Infantry Regiment fought in the battles of Guadalcanal, Saipan, Tinian, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. These battles are often associated with the US Marines, but no Army unit other than the 147th fought in all of these battles. Aside from the combat on the battlefield, the 147th was also victim of little press coverage, fighting alongside Marines and the Navy, whose units commanded better public relations exposure.^[10]^{[ better source needed ]}

Present

In 1994, the 147th Infantry was redesignated as the 147th Armor. The 147th Armor was consolidated with the 174th Air Defense Artillery on 1 July 2005, and its lineage perpetuated by the latter.^[11]

Related Research Articles

The Americal Division was an infantry division of the United States Army during World War II and the Vietnam War.

XIV Corps was a corps-sized formation of the United States Army, originally constituted on 1 October 1933 in the Organized Reserves. The history of XIV Corps in World War II dates from December 1942. Then, under Major General Alexander Patch, the XIV Army Corps directed the American 23rd Infantry Division and 25th Infantry Divisions, the 2nd Marine Division, and the 147th Infantry Regimental Combat Team in the final drive that expelled the Japanese from Guadalcanal early in February 1943. The 70th Coast Artillery Regiment (Anti-Aircraft) landed on 23 May 1943. From air fields guarded by the XIV Army Corps, Allied aircraft began the neutralization of the enemy's vital Munda airfields on New Georgia.

This is the order of battle for the Guadalcanal Campaign, called Operation Watchtower, the first major Allied offensive in the Pacific Theater of Operations in World War II. The campaign lasted from the initial American landings on 7 August 1942 until the final Japanese evacuation on 9 February 1943, a period of six months, far longer than was expected by Allied planners.

The 37th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. It was a National Guard division from Ohio, nicknamed the "Buckeye Division". Today, its lineage is continued through the 37th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, with battalions from Ohio, Michigan, and South Carolina.

The 27th Infantry Division was a unit of the Army National Guard in World War I and World War II. The division traces its history from the New York Division, formed originally in 1908. The 6th Division designation was changed to the 27th Division in July 1917.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2nd Marine Division</span> Active United States Marine Corps formation

The 2nd Marine Division is a division of the United States Marine Corps, which forms the ground combat element of the II Marine Expeditionary Force. The division is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and headquartered at Julian C. Smith Hall.

The 2nd Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps. They are based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and fall under the command of the 2nd Marine Division and the II Marine Expeditionary Force.

The 1st Battalion, 6th Marines (1/6) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. It consists of approximately 1,100 marines and sailors. They fall under the command of the 6th Marine Regiment, the 2nd Marine Division of the II Marine Expeditionary Force.

The Ohio Army National Guard is a part of the Ohio National Guard and the Army National Guard of the United States Army. It is also a component of the organized militia of the state of Ohio, which also includes the Ohio Naval Militia, the Ohio Military Reserve and the Ohio Air National Guard. The Ohio Army National Guard consists of a variety of combat, combat support, and combat service support units. As of September 2010, its end strength exceeded 11,400 soldiers. Its headquarters is the Beightler Armory in Columbus, Ohio. Many units conduct Annual Training at Camp Grayling, Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">164th Regiment (United States)</span> Military unit

The 164th Regiment (Regional Training Institute) is a training unit of the North Dakota Army National Guard. As the 164th Infantry Regiment, it was formed during World War I, but traces its history to Dakota Territorial Militia units formed in the 1880s. The regiment was the first United States Army unit to land on Guadalcanal during World War II.

The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse, part of which is sometimes called the Battle of the Gifu, took place from 15 December 1942 to 23 January 1943 and was primarily an engagement between United States and Imperial Japanese forces in the hills near the Matanikau River area on Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal campaign. The U.S. forces were under the overall command of Major General Alexander Patch and the Japanese forces were under the overall command of Lieutenant General Harukichi Hyakutake.

The 182nd Infantry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army, forming part of the Massachusetts National Guard. It is among the oldest regiments in the U.S. Army, tracing its organizational roots back to 1636, and is one of several National Guard units with colonial roots and a campaign credit for the War of 1812.

The 22nd Marine Regiment is an inactive United States Marine Corps infantry regiment. The regiment was commissioned in 1942 and was placed under the command of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade in 1944, and the 6th Marine Division in 1945. It took part in fighting at the battles of Eniwetok, Guam, and Okinawa. The regiment also participated in the occupation of northern China following the war. 22d Marines was decommissioned in March 1946.

The 148th Infantry Regiment is an Ohio Army National Guard parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, with headquarters at Walbridge, Ohio. It currently consists of the 1st Battalion, 148th Infantry Regiment, an infantry battalion of the 37th Infantry Brigade Combat Team located throughout northwest Ohio.

The 145th Armored Regiment, Ohio Army National Guard, is a parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, with headquarters at Stow, Ohio. It currently consists of the 1st Battalion, 145th Armored Regiment, a 600-soldier combined arms battalion of the Ohio Army National Guard located throughout northeast Ohio.

The 161st Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army and the Washington Army National Guard. It is the oldest unit in the Washington Army National Guard, tracing its lineage to the separate infantry companies of the Territorial Militia. Its 1st Battalion is a Stryker-based element of the 81st Stryker Brigade Combat Team consisting of three Stryker infantry companies and one headquarters company, with its headquarters in Spokane, Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">29th Marine Regiment (United States)</span> Military unit

The 29th Marine Regiment is an inactive infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps. The last Marine Corps regiment activated for service in World War II, its First Battalion fought in the Battle of Saipan while attached to the 2nd Marine Division; the entire regiment also fought in Okinawa while attached to the 6th Marine Division, and took part in the occupation of Northern China following the war. The 29th Marine Regiment was subsequently deactivated in 1946 as part of the post war drawdown of forces.

The 146th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army, Ohio National Guard. It was formed in 1917 from the old 8th Ohio Infantry Regiment and served in several American wars from 1898 to 1919.

The 169th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army and Connecticut National Guard. The regiment may be traced to English train bands that formed in settlements of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield as these settlements consolidated from 1633 to 1636 and deployed during the Pequot War from 1636 to 1638. As the settlements in what would become Hartford County grew, the militia was reorganized for drill in 1672 essentially into a county regiment. The U.S. Army recognizes the regiment from its reorganization by an act of the Connecticut Assembly on 11 October 1739 as the 1st Connecticut Regiment. It is Connecticut's oldest regiment when considered from its formation of train bands in 1633 to 1636 in Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield.

Gilder Davis Jackson Jr. was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general, who is most noted for his service as commanding officer of the 6th Marine Regiment during the Guadalcanal Campaign.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Doughboy Center: 147th Infantry, 37th Division, AEF".
↑ Passenger list
↑ Clay, Steven E. (2010). U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 428. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
1 2 3 "Guadalcanal". Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
↑ Shaw, Henry I. Jr.; Kane, Douglas T. (1963). Isolation of Rabaul (PDF). History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations of World War II. Vol. II. Washington, D.C.: Historical Branch, U.S. Marine Corps. p. 523. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
↑ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1960). Victory in the Pacific: 1945 . History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. XIV. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, & Co. p. 68. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
1 2 "'We were receiving fire from everywhere'".
1 2 Bruning, John R. (6 December 2015). "The Curious Case of the Ohio National Guard's 147th Infantry".
↑ Nash, Douglas E. (Fall 2017). "Army Boots on Volcanic Sands: The 147th Infantry Regiment at Iwo Jima". Army History (105): 14.
↑ Taylan, Justin (23 October 2019). "Pacific World War II Book Review: Always Ready: The Story of the United States 147th Infantry Regiment". PacificWrecks.com.
↑ "174th Air Defense Artillery Regiment | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)". history.army.mil. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

External links

Media related to 147th Regiment (United States) at Wikimedia Commons

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[worldwar1.com-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Doughboy Center: 147th Infantry, 37th Division, AEF".

[2] Passenger list

[3] Clay, Steven E. (2010). U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 428. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .

[army.mil-4] 1 2 3 "Guadalcanal". Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[5] Shaw, Henry I. Jr.; Kane, Douglas T. (1963). Isolation of Rabaul (PDF). History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations of World War II. Vol. II. Washington, D.C.: Historical Branch, U.S. Marine Corps. p. 523. Retrieved 4 July 2021.

[Morisonv14-6] Morison, Samuel Eliot (1960). Victory in the Pacific: 1945 . History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. XIV. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, & Co. p. 68. Retrieved 4 July 2021.

[thestate.com-7] 1 2 "'We were receiving fire from everywhere'".

[auto-8] 1 2 Bruning, John R. (6 December 2015). "The Curious Case of the Ohio National Guard's 147th Infantry".

[9] Nash, Douglas E. (Fall 2017). "Army Boots on Volcanic Sands: The 147th Infantry Regiment at Iwo Jima". Army History (105): 14.

[10] Taylan, Justin (23 October 2019). "Pacific World War II Book Review: Always Ready: The Story of the United States 147th Infantry Regiment". PacificWrecks.com.

[11] "174th Air Defense Artillery Regiment | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)". history.army.mil. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]