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| See also: | Other events of 1885 List of years in Spain | ||||
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| See also: | Other events of 1885 List of years in Spain | ||||
Alfonso XII, also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885. After the 1868 Glorious revolution that deposed his mother Isabella II from the throne, Alfonso studied in Austria and France. His mother abdicated in his favour in 1870, and he returned to Spain as king in 1874 following a military coup against the First Republic. Alfonso died aged 27 in 1885, and was succeeded by his son, Alfonso XIII, who was born the following year.
Alfonso XIII, also known as El Africano or the African due to his Africanist views, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902.
Maria Christina Henriette Desideria Felicitas Raineria of Austria was the second queen consort of Alfonso XII of Spain. She was queen regent during the vacancy of the throne between her husband's death in November 1885 and the birth of their son Alfonso XIII in May 1886, and subsequently also until the coming of age of the latter in May 1902.
María de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias was the eldest child of King Alfonso XII of Spain and his second wife, Maria Christina of Austria. She was Princess of Asturias, the heir presumptive to the Crown of Spain, for all 24 years of her life.
The Restoration, or Bourbon Restoration, is the name given to the period that began on 29 December 1874—after a coup d'état by General Arsenio Martínez Campos ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the monarchy under Alfonso XII—and ended on 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.
Francisco Serrano Domínguez Cuenca y Pérez de Vargas, 1st Duke of la Torre, Grandee of Spain, Count of San Antonio was a Spanish marshal and statesman. He was Prime Minister of Spain in 1868–69 and regent in 1869–70.
María de las Mercedes of Orléans was Queen of Spain as the first wife of King Alfonso XII. She was born in Madrid, the daughter of Antoine of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier, and Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain.
Joaquín Jovellar y Soler was a Spanish general who served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 12 September 1875 to 2 December 1875 and governor and captain-general of the Philippines from 7 April 1883 to 1 April 1885.
Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz, sometimes anglicised Francis of Assisi, was King of Spain as the consort of Queen Isabella II of Spain from their marriage on 10 October 1846 until Isabella was overthrown on 30 September 1868. Francisco and his wife were double first cousins, as their fathers were brothers and their mothers were sisters. The royal couple had twelve children, including King Alfonso XII. Isabella was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1868, but the monarchy was restored under their son Alfonso XII in 1874. Following his son's accession, Francisco became king father.
Infanta María Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpensier was the younger daughter of King Ferdinand VII of Spain and his fourth wife and niece, Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies. She became Duchess of Montpensier by marriage to her first cousin once removed, Antoine, Duke of Montpensier.
Prince Ludwig Ferdinand Maria Karl Heinrich Adalbert Franz Philipp Andreas Konstantin of Bavaria was a member of the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach and a General of Cavalry. Following his marriage to Infanta María de la Paz of Spain, he was also created an Infante of Spain.
Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta was the third son of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.
The Liberal Party, originally called Liberal Fusionist Party until 1885, was a Spanish political party created in 1880 by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta. With the Conservative Party of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, it formed a two-party system of alternating governments, the turno, which characterised the Spanish Restoration during the late 19th century and the early 20th century.
The Liberal Conservative Party, also known more simply as the Conservative Party, was a Spanish political party founded in 1876 by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.
Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies was a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies by birth and by her marriage to Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta, claimant to the defunct throne of the Two Sicilies.
The Philippine ten-centavo coin (10¢) coin is a denomination of the Philippine peso. It was the oldest denomination under 1 peso in the country's circulation, having been introduced in 1880 during the Spanish rule of the islands until it stopped being minted in 2017. The denomination is still legal tender until the demonetization of the BSP Coin Series.
Events in the year 1881 in Spain.
The Philippine twenty-centavo (20¢) coin was a denomination of the Philippine peso. The one-fifth (1/5) peso was introduced by both the Spaniards and the Americans during the colonial era of the Philippines. It was replaced by a banknote of the same denomination introduced alongside the establishment of the Central Bank of the Philippines in 1949 and it was replaced by the twenty-five centavo coin.
The Civil Order of Alfonso XII is a Spanish honorific decoration named for King Alfonso XII (1857–1885). It was established by Royal Decree on 23 May 1902 to reward achievements in education, science, culture, teaching and research.
